MOHIGIRY, MOHIPARVARI VA MUHOFIZATI MOHIYON

Odamon az zamonhoi qadim mohigiri karda, gushtu tukhmaki onro mekhurdand. Holo ravganu ustukhon va pusti mohi kham istifoda burda meshavad (az jumla dar Tojikiston.

Qismi ziyodi mohii shikorshuda istemol meshavad, tanho qismi kamash baroi tayyor kardani ordi Mohi (khuroki ilova baroi chorvo, parranda, havzkhoi mohiparvari) va khamchun nuri istifoda burda meshavad. Qimati asosii mohy dar on ast, ki ha.mchun mahsuloti sergizo — safeda istemol karda meshavad. Ravgani mohy manbai vitamini D ast, ki onro beshtar az jigari treska megirand.

Mohihoe, ki ba miqdori ziyod sayd meshavand, mohiyoni shikori nomida meshavand. Mohihoi asosii shikori shirmohi, treska, okuni bahri, vobla, zagoramohi, kilka, beluga, osetra, sevryuga, sterlyad, lososi shimoli, kuzapushtak va gayraho meboshand.

Baroi az bahru uqyonuskho shikor kardani Mohi kishtihoi makhsus, samolyotu vertolyotho va ekholokatorho istifoda burda meshavand, ki ba har guna oloti shikori jihozonida shudaand. Baroi saydi mohiyoni qari ob turi kaloni zeriobi yo tralro ba kor mebarand. Mohiyoni dar qabati boloi ob budaro bo turi pahni khaltamonand shikor mekunand.

Baroi samaranok sayd kardani mohiyon, pesh az hama, khususiyathoi biologii onhoro nagz donistan lozim ast. Masalan, durust intikhob kardani joyi shikor, vaqt va muhdati shikor, namudi malumi mohii shikorshavanda, zahrdor budan yo nabudani onho, miqdori shikor, bo kadom maqsad lozim budani on va gayraho rohhoi samaranoki shikori mohi meboshand. Sol az sol afzudani shikori mohi metavonad zakhiran tabiii vayro kam kunad. Baroi hamin ham olimon rohhoi durusti parvarish va ziyod kardani zakhirai mohiro peshkash mekunamd. Baroi shikori mohi qoidayu konunhoi makhsusi hukumati jori karda shudaast. Masalan, man kardani istifodabarii turhoi surokhiashon mayda, mahdud kardani joy va Vaqti sayd imkoniyat medihand, ki mohiyoni javon sayd karda nashavand. Man kardani shikori baze namudi mohiyon, muboriza bar ziddi shikori khudsarona, tashkil kardani obanborhoi suni, zavodhoi mohiparvari, ba sharoit mutobiqkunonii mokhhi dodani gizoi ilovagi ba mohichaho, muboriza bo zararrasonhoi mohi omilhoi asosii parvarishu ziyod kardani mohi meboshand.

Dar Rossiya avvalin zavodi mohiparvari az tarafi V.P. Vrasskiy 100 sol pesh tasis yofta bud. Olimi namoyon, professor H.JL Gerbilskiy usuli tez ba voya rasidani tukhmi mohiro bo rohi inkubatsioni kashf kard.

Dar Rossiya avvalin qarore, ki ba mohigiri dakhl dosht, hanuz dar zamoni Petri I baromada bud. Vale nazorat az boloi shikori Mohi va qabul kardani qonunho oid ba muhofizati mohi dar zamoni shuravi rivoj efta budand. Masalan, bo moddahoi tarkanda behush kardani mohiyon, ba ob cap dodani har guna partovhoi fabrikavu zavodho dar Tojikiston ham man karda shudaast.

Dar moddai 67 Konstitutsiyai navi Tojikiston gufta shudaast, ki «muhofizati tabiat vazifai tamomi khalq meboshad». Az jumla Mohi zakhirai boyi tabiii obi buda, dar davrai shuravi 20%-i gushti istemolii aholiro tashkil mekard, Bo in maqsad dar Tojikiston, ki doroi zakhirai kaloni ob meboshad, baroi taraqqi dodani khojagii mohiparvari imkoniyathoi kalon mavjudand, zero dar kishvari mo ziyoda az 200 daryoyu daryocha va sadho kul hast.

Dar havzhoi kaloni makhsusgardonida shudai nohiyahoi Hojamaston, Vahdat, Jillikul, Kolkhozobod, dar obanborhoi Qayroqqum, Norak khojagikhoi makhsusi mohiparvariyu mohidori tashkil karda shuda budand, ki holo besaru somonand. Dar oyandai nazdik obanbori kaloni Norak va Rogun bazai asosii mohiparvariyu mohidorii Tojikiston khohand shud.

Mohiyon ba gayr az ahamiyati khojagi doshtanashon boz ahamiyat zeboi ham dorand. Bo in maqsad chand asr muqaddam dar Osiyo] Janubu SHarqi mohiyoni oroishi: zarrinmohi, shamsherdum teleskop, kometaro parvarish mekardand.

Savol va suporishho:

*1. Dar borai mohigiri va qoidahoi on malumot dihed.

2. Dar borai mohiparvary va havzhoi parvarishi mohi dar Tojikiston naql kuned.
3. Oid ba qaroru qonunhoi qukumati dar khususi muhofizati mohiho dar Tojikiston malumot dihed.