MEDIATORHO

MEDIATORHO (lot. mediator – miyonarav, vositachi), moddahoi noqil, moddahoi khimiyavie, ki dar nugi asab tashakkul yofta, angezishro az yak hujayrai asab ba hujayrai digar yo az nugi tori asab ba uzvi kori (nakhi mushak, hujayrai gadud va g.) meguzaronand.
M.-ro s. 1921 dorushinosi mashhuri avstriyagi O. Levi kashf kardaast. u muqarrar namud, ki mahluli gizoie, ki az dili judo karda giriftai qurboqqa pas az angezishi asabhoi on guzaronda meshavad, ba dili digari judokarda chun angezishi bevositai asabi dil tasir merasonad.
Intiqoli angezish bo yorii M. dar sinapsho ba amal meoyad. M. dar hubobchahoi khele khurdi pesh az sinaps joygirand. Dar vaqti angezishi nakhi asab hubobchaho kafida, M. ozod megardand va ba rogi sinaps, ki mahluli az jihati tarkib ba plazmai khun nazdik dorad, dokhil meshavand. M. bo mahluli mazkur omekhta shuda, ba membranai pasisinapsii hujayrai hamshafat tasir mekunand va onro ba angezish meovarand. Membranai pasisinapsi az membranae, ki qismi boqimondai hujayraro faro giriftaast, bo hassosii ziyod nisbati tasiri M. tafovut dorad.
M. natanho impulshoi angezish, balki impulshoi monearo niz meguzaronand. CHunin M. malumand: atsetilkholin (impulshoro ba sistemahoi parasimpati va markazii asab meguzaronad), noradrenalin (dar intihoi asabi simpati judo meshavad), serotonin, dofamin, kislotai gamma-aminbutanat, glitsin, kislotai glutaminat, baze neyropeptidho (angezishro ba sistemai asabi markazi intiqol mekunand). Baroi az sinapsho guzarondani angezishi takrori M.-ro, ki dar angezishi avval on jo hosil shudaand, tajziya namudan lozim ast. In zeri tasiri fermenthoi makhsus, ki dar mavzei sinaps bo gilzati kalon vujud dorand (kholinesterazaho, ki atsetilkholin va aminooksidazaho, ki noradrenalinro tajziya menamoyand), ba amal meoyad.
Hangomi baze bemorihoi sistemai asab va zahroludi tashakkul, tasir yo tajziyai M. khalal meyobad. Moddahoe kashf shudaand, ki angezishi asabro dar sinaps peshgiri mekunand. Surkhpustoni Amerikai Janubi hangomi shikori hayvonoti vahshi khadangi ba shirai rastaniho oludaro istifoda meburdand. Dertar muqarrar gasht, ki chunin shira dar tarkib zahri falajovari kurare doshta, ba qati intiqoli angezish az asabhoi tahrika ba mushakho qodir ast. Dar tibbi muosir moddahoi kuraremonandro, ki mushakhoi skeletro sust mekunand, dar amaliyai jarrohi (mas., jarrohie, ki dar sharoiti nafaskashii suni guzaronda meshavad) farovon istifoda mebarand.
Ad.: SHvirev A.A., Anatomiya i fiziologiya cheloveka s osnovami obshey patalogii, Rostov N./D., 2005.

F. A. SHukurov.