GIPOKSIYA

GIPOKSIYA (Hypoxia; az gipo… va lot. ox ygenium – oksigen), kamoksigeni, holatero guyand, ki dar mavridi bo oksigen purra tamin nashudani boftahoi organizm yo ikhtiloli jabbishi on dar boftaho ba vujud meoyad. G. metavonad boisi sar zadani bemorihoi gunogun shavad. Muvofiqi tasavvuroti hozira G.-i kutohmuddat imkon dorad dar organizmi sihat niz rukh namoyad, mas., hangomi kori vaznini jismoni, bisyor zur zadan, mashqhoi sporti va g. Dar in guna holatho ehtiyoji organizm ba oksigen yakbora meafzoyad.
G. shadid, barqoso (chand soniya) va muzmin (mohho va solho davom mekunad) meshavad. Sababhoi G. gunogun meboshand. On az narasidani oksigeni havo, mas., hangomi baromadan ba balandi, pushidani libosi gavvosi, kor dar kon va kishtii zeriobi ruy medihad. G. hamchunin dar asnoi bo jismhoi begona yo luob basta shudani rohi nafas, tashannuji bronkhho, illati shush (obvaram yo gazak), ki boisi kostani hajmi nafasgirandai shush meshavad, ba vujud meoyad. Az basta shudani rohi nafas holati vaznin – asfiksiya ba amal meoyad.
G.-i shadid az talafi ziyodi khun, saktai dil, inchunin hangomi zahroludi az oksidi karbon (dar natija khun qobiliyati ba boftaho burda rasondani oksigenro gum mekunad) ruy medihad. G.-i muzmin dar mavridi nuqsi dil va kardioskleroz, ki bo zafi kori dil va bo khun purra tamin nashudani boftaho vobasta ast, inkishof meyobad.
G.-e, ki dar natijai tasiri baze moddahoi khimiyavi (mas., sianidho) ba vujud meoyad, khele gustarish yoftaast. Dar natijai ba faoliyati fermenthoi nafaskashii boftayu hujayra khalal vorid sokhtani on qobiliyati az khud kardani oksigen gum shuda, G.-i nihoyat tez (barqoso) ruy medihad. Narasidani baze vitaminho niz mujibi G. meshavand.
Asabho ba narasidani oksigen khele hassos meboshand. Mas., badi 2 – 3 daq. qat gashtani tamini oksigen alomathoi ikhtiloli jiddii faoliyati qishri magzi sar padid meoyand. Dar natijai G. mubodilai moddaho dar boftayu hujayrahoi organizm yakbora tagyir meyobad, kori dil tez, sipas tadrijan sust (bo nom «nabzi rishtavor») khohad shud; rangi rui bemor meparad, uro araqi sard zer karda, dastu po khunuk va khud behush meshavad. Dar natijai zahroludi (mas., hangomi nafas kashidani gazi metan yo bughoi kislotai sianid) kori uzvhoi muhim (dil, magzcha va g.) zud va purra qat megardad. Avzoi minbadai organizm ba on vobasta ast, ki G.-i shadid dar qishri nimkurahoi kaloni maynai sar chi tagyirot ba amal ovardaast.
Hastagii zud, nafastangi, dilzani (hatto az kori sabuki jismoni) va sust gashtani qobiliyati kori alomathoi G.-i muzmin buda, onho binobar zafi kori dil va raghoi khungard, uzvhoi nafaskashi yo baze bemorihoi bardavom ba vujud meoyand.
Baroi peshgirii G.-e, ki az norasoii oksigen sar zadaast, mashqhoi makhsus mavjudand. Dar natijai ijroi onho organizm ba G. (baroi kor kardan dar sharoiti balandkuh, kishtii kayhoni va g.) odat menamoyad.
Dar asnoi rukh namudani G. zarardidaro ba havoi toza mebarorand yo ba u baroi nafas kashidan, oksigen medihand. Agar G. ba organizm tasiri amiq narasonida boshad, pas in tadbir baroi rafi oqibati on kifoya ast. Agar ba rohi nafas jismhoi begona aftand, baroi dur sokhtani onho tadbirhoi zaruri meandeshand (nig. Jismhoi begona). Odami az gazi karbon zahroludshudaro ba havoi toza barovarda, nafasi suni medihand.
Dar hama guna holathoi norasoii shadidi oksigen yorii tibbi zarur ast. Agar ba jafodida sari vaqt yori rasonand, oqibati noguvori G. bartaraf meshavad.