BAKTERIOFAG

BAKTERIOFAG (Bacteriophagus; az bakteriyaho va yun. phagos – khuranda), viruse, ki ba hujayrai bakteriya guzashta, dar on meafzoyad va oqibat hujayraro hal (lizis) mekunad. Hodisai hal shudani bakteriyahoro, ki zeri tasiri omili siroyat ba vujud meoyad, bori avval mikrobiologi rus N.F. Gamaleya mushohida karda bud (1898). S. 1915 dukhturi anglis F. Tuort muayyan namud, ki koloniya (tuda)-i stafilokokkho khud az khud hal meshavad. S. 1917 olimi kanadagi F. d,Erell az rudai marizi isholi khunin moddai halkunandae judo namuda onro B., yane khurandai bakteriyaho, nom nihod. B. faqat baze navhoi bakteriyahoro hal mekunad. Az organizmi bemore, ki ru ba behbudi nihodaast, B.-ho ikhroj meshavand. Az in barmeoyad, ki B.-ro baroi muboriza bar ziddi bemorihoi siroyati va inkishofi muqovamati tabiii organizm istifoda burdan mumkin ast.
Aksari B.- ho az du qismi asosi iboratand: sarak va poyacha. Saraki B., ki bo pardai safedavi pushida shudaast, asosan molekulahoi KDN (kislotai dezoksiribonukleat) yo KRN (kislotai ribonukleat ) dorad. Poyacha bo gilofi safedavi faro girifta shudaast. B. bo poyachaash ba hujayrai bakteriya chaspida, pardai onro hal va KDN vorid mekunad. KDN faoliyati hujayraro idora namuda, onro baroi sintezi moddahoi navi kushandai bakteriyaho vodor mesozad (afzoishi B. bo hamin roh ast). B. metavonad ba hujayrai yagon namudi muayyani mikroorganizm tasir rasonad (monofag). B.-hoe niz mavjudand, ki hujayrai mikroorganizmhoi gunogunro mahv mekunand (polifagho).
Davomoti hayoti B. gunogun ast, mas., dar fagi T – 1 zindagi 13 – 15 daq., dar fagi T – 4 az 30 to 40 daq. idoma meyobad.
Ayni hol B.-ho baroi peshgiriyu muolijai baze bemorihoi siroyatii odam (toun, vabo, isholi khunin, domana va g.) va hayvonot istifoda meshavand. Bo maqsadi peshgirii amrozi siroyati kor farmuda shudani B.-horo fagoprofilaktika menomand. B.-ho binobar vayron kardani hujayrai bakteriyaho dar mavridi istehsoli antibiotikho, aminokislotaho va g. zarar niz merasonand.
Doruhoi bakteriofagi dar shakli qurs, marham, aerozol, shamcha, mahlul va g. istehsol karda meshavand. Ayni zamon chunin namudi fagho mavjudand: stafilokokki, streptokokki, dizenteriyavi, domanagi, salmonellyozi, kolifag va g. YAkjoya bo antibiotikho istifoda burdani fagho ahamiyati beshtar dorad.