MAYNAPARDA (Meninges), tashkilai iborat az boftahoi payvandi, ki magzi sar va harommagzro faro giriftaast. M. vazifai muhofiziyu tagziyavi doshta, harakati khunro dar mayna tanzim menamoyad. M. sakht (Dura mater), ankabuti (Arachnoidea mater) va narm yo ragi (Pia mater) meshavad. Pardai sakhti magzi sar az du varaq iborat ast, ki bayni …
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MAYZADAGi (Alcoholismus), alkogolizm, istemoli az had ziyodi mashruboti spirtdor, ki ba salomati va qobiliyati korii shakhsi mayparast, inchunin ba maishatu osudagii jamiyat zarar merasonad. Doir ba nushokihoi spirtdor dar makhazhoi khattii qadimtarin malumot vujud dorad. Tarzi maykashi hanuz zamonhoi pesh ba bisyor qabilaho malum bud. Bino ba baze aqidaho dar …
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MAYZADAGII MUZMIN, bemoriest, ki az sababi muntazam va beetidol istemol kardani nushokihoi spirtdor inkishof meyobad. Nishonahoi avvalini on: odam miqdori muayyani mashruboti spirtdorro menushad, vale zahrolud nameshavad, sharob ba dili u namezanad va qay namekunad. Dar ayni zamon nisbati mashrubot shavqi nosolime paydo khohad shud (doimo dar borai on fikr …
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MAYDONCHAI SPORTIi rui havli baroi bo tarbiyai jismoni muntazam mashgul shudan sharoiti zaruri va musoid faroham meovarad. Ministadioni rui havliho joi nisbatan kamro ishgol mekunad va zebi har yak mahalli istiqomati meboshad. Jihozi M. s.-ro asosan az gulbahoi filizi va chub mesozand. Jihozi asosi – baraban – «davdavak», khodaho baroi …
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MAKTAB – SANATORIYA, muassisaest baroi tahsil va solim gardondani kudakoni maktabtabkhon, ki giriftori yagon bemoriand. CHand navi M. – S. baroi kudakoni giriftri shaklhoi noayoni sil, kasalihoi dilu rag, baze bemorihoi muzmini uzvhoi nafas, hozima, amrozi asab va ruhi mavjud ast. Ba M. – S. kudakoni sinnashon az 7 to …
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MAKTAB (talaboti behdoshti), muassisai talimu tarbiya. Sokhtmoni M.- ho az rui loihai makhsus surat megirad, ki dar on tamomi talaboti behdoshti nisbati binoi maktab peshbini shudaand. Zamini M. (na kamtar az 0,3 ga; 40 – 50%-i on boyad baroi bogcha va sabzkori istifoda gardad) ba chand qita judo karda meshavad: …
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MAKROFAGHO (az yun. makro… va fagos – khuranda), poliblastho, hujayrahoi tabiatashon mezenkhimavii organizmhoi zinda, ki bakteriyaho, boqimondai hujayrahoi favtida va dig. zarrahoi baroi organizm begona va zahrnokro doshta hazm menamoyand. Istilohi «M.»-ro s. 1982 I. I. Mechnikov ba ilm dokhil kardaast. Ba M. monosithoi khun, gistiositi boftahoi payvandi, hujayrahoi endoteliyai …
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MALIGNIZATSIYA ( Malignisatio; lot. maligus – zararovar), badfarjomi, ravandi ba hujayrai badfarjom tabdil yoftani hujayrai mutadili yagon bofta. Zeri tasiri omilhoi gunoguni omosofar ba vujud meoyad, mas., moddahoi saratonofar, afkanishoti ultrabunafsh, afkanishoti ionnok, omilhoi biologi (virushoi omosofar). Hujayrahoi osebyofta (hujayrahoe, ki M. shudaand) manbai avvaliyai omosi badfarjomro hosil mekunand. Ba …
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MAQAD (Anus), intihoi rudai rost. Bolotar az surokhi M. dar luobpardai ruda «sutuncha»-hoi barqadi mutavozi ba nazar merasand, ki fazoi bayni onho novashakl buda, az poyon bo chini M. aloqamand ast; chini M. jaybcha (kissacha)-ho dorad. Novachaho va jaybchaho dar yakjoyagi hurfa (kripta)-horo ba vujud meorand. Dar intihoi sutunchaho pistonakhoi …
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MANBAI TABIII BEMORIHO, khususiyati yak qator bemorihoi siryatist, ki angezandai onho dar hududi muayyan biduni tamos bo odamon yo hayvonoti khonagi, dar organizmi hayvonoti vahshi paraziti mekunand. CHunin bemorihoro bemorihoi manbaashon tabii va mahallero, ki angezandai in bemoriho vomekhurad, manbai tabii menomand. Mafhumi «manbai tabii»-ro s. 1938 akad. E. N. …
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