ISPAND

ISPAND (Peganum harmala), sipand, hazorispand, harmal, giyohest bisyorsolai mamul. Az 20 to 80 sm qad mekashad. Poyai rosti sershokh, bargi burishdor (daroziash 3 – 6,5 sm), guli zard, safed, guzai sertukhm, tukhmi qahvagi yo burtob dorad. May – avg. gul karda tukhm mebandad. I. asosan dar shurzamin, gilkhok, sanglokhu regzor, kanori soy, zaminhoi partov, ayloqjoy va bazan chun alafi begona dar kishtzor meruyad. Dar Tojikiston dar hama jo (to balandii 3750 m az s.b.) pahn shudaast.
I. dar yodgorii farhangii qadimtarini forsu tojik Avesto dorui taskinbakhsh va khushbuy tavsif shudaast. Bo on bemoron, ibodatgohho va maitro dud mekardand. I.-ro Disquridus va Abualii Sino dar muolijai bemorihoi gunogun kor mefarmudand. Disquridus I.-ro baroi tabobati zafi binoi tavsiya dodaast. Bo in maqsad onro bo asal, may, talkhai kabk yo murg va sharbati roziyona omekhta karda ba chashm memoland. Bino ba malumoti Abuhanifai Dinovari jushobi reshai I. tablarzai bardavomro shifo mebakhshad. Dar «Al-Qonun fi-t-tib»-i Ibni Sino omada, ki I. (harmal) baroi rafi bugumdard va iltihobi asabi surin (agar onro ba joyi dardmand moland) davoi khub ast. Nushobai I. shosha va hayzro tez meronad va boisi dilbehuzurii sakht megardad. Abualii Sino bo I. baze bemorihoi ispurj, rudaho, bavosir va g.-ro tabobat menamud.
I. dar tibbi khalqi az jumlai rastanihoi doruii mamul ast. Tojikon bo I. odamoni falajro dud va bo bargash omoshoro tarbandi mekunand. Bo jushobi tukhmi I., zagir yo kunjit ziqi nafas va tarbodro davo mebakhshand. I. chun dorui taskinbakhsh, zardaron, shosharon va araqron niz istifoda meshavad. Sokinoni baze nohiyahoi shim. Tojikiston az I. dorui makhsus tayyor mekunand. Bo in maqsad navrustai onro bo yagon degi surokhdor (baroi daromadani havo) mepushonand. I. mesabzad va dar muddati chand hafta az tarashshuhoti on dar tanai deg qabati tunuki moddai chaspak paydo meshavad. Sipas onro bo kord taroshida megirand va chun davoi behtarin baroi muolijai bemoriho istifoda mebarand.
Ba aqidai tabiboni mardumi I.-ro kufta bikhurand, baroi illathoi sar, folij, devonagi, faromushkhotiri davo meshavad, istisqo, zardparvin, qulinj va irqunnaso (radikulit)-ro daf menamoyad. Kuftahoi I. (100 g) va zagir (100 g)-ro dar 1,5 kg asal sirishta, az on har ruz se mahal yakqoshuqi bikhurand, ziqi nafasro doru budaast (ba sharte, ki fishori khun baland naboshad). I.-ro dar ob jushonda on obro ba uzvhoi zaif birezand, onhoro quvvat mebakhshad, karakhtiro daf mekunad. Kuftai I.-ro garm karda, batakror guzoshta bandand, baroi sust va notavon gashtani uzv, karakhti, dardhoi bodi va g. shifo mebakhshad. Obero, ki dar on I. jushonda shuda boshad, dar oftob gafs gardonda, bad dar bini chakonand, nazlaro shifo mebakhshad.
I. az qadimulayyom baroi tabobati bemorihoi pust, shamolkhuri, varaja, tablarza, sar, kijjasori kor farmuda meshavad. CHoyi bargu poyai onro dar mavridi asaboniyat, sar, suzok, bemorihoi gurda menushand, bo on dahonro gargara mekunand (hangomi dardi milki dandon), chashmro meshuyand (hangomi bemorihoi chashm). Tukhmi I.-ro (to 10 dona dar yak ruz) baroi iloji bemorihoi medayu ruda va chun dorui zardaron istemol mekunand. Dar joyhoi serodam dud kardani on zukom barin bemorii siroyatiro peshgiri menamoyad.
Bargu poyai I., kokuti va reshai kamolro omekhta karda (bo hissahoi barobar), dar ob mejushonand. Javhari galizi hosilshudaro ba mato pechonida, ba sabil, haftpust, puchak meguzorand. Ba aqidai bisyor odamon on behtarin dorui fasodkash va bahamovarandai zakhm meboshad.
Ad.: Hodjimatov M., Dikorastushie lekarstvennie rasteniya Tadjikistana, D., 1989; Kovaleva N. G., Lechenie rasteniyami, M., 1972; Turova A. D., Lekarstennie rasteniya SSSR i ikh priminenie, M., 1974; Gammerman A. F., Grom I. I., Dikorastushie lekarstvennie rasteniya SSSR, M., 1976; Zohidov H., Kanzi shifo, D., 1998.