ALYUMINIY

ALYUMINIY (Aluminium, Al), elementi khimiyavii guruhi III jadvali Mendeleev, raqami at. 13, massai at. 26,98, haror. gud. 6600, haror. jush. 25000. A. 8,8 fisadi massai qishri zaminro tashkil medihad. Dar tabiat dar holati yak izotopi sobit vomekhurad; chand izotopi sunii radioaktiv ham dorad. Aksari namakhoi A. dar ob nagz hal shuda, muhiti tursh hosil mekunand. Miqdori A. dar organizmi odam khele kam ast.
Dar amaliyai tib doruhoe, ki az namakhoi A. tarkib yoftaand, istifoda megardand. Namakhoi halshavandai A. khosiyati qobizi (gunchasozi), bakterisidi va suzandagi dorand. Payvasthoi halshavandai on, mas., gidrooksidi A., gili safed (kaolin) tasiri jazbi va farogir merasonand.
Gili safed doruvori tibbi qadim ast. Mas., Abualii Sino az qavli Disquridus guftaast: «Hamai namudhoi gile, ki andar pizishki ba kor barand, ba tavri umum doroi quvvai giranda, narmkunanda, sardiovaranda va chasponanda buvand, vale ba tavri khusus har kadom doroi khosiyateand, ki az baroi yak chiz sudmandand va az baroi chizi digar ne. Az jumlai gili zaminhoi kisht barkhe bisyor safed buda, barkhe khokistarist… Agar onro bar porae az mis bisovand, az sovidani on rangi zangor hosil shavad. Onro gohe chun shustani safeda bishuyand… reshhoro gusht meruyonad va jarohatro baham meovarad…» Gili safed (Bolus alba) dar tibbi muosir niz mavridi istifoda ast. Onro dar shakli khoka, khamira va marham baroi tabobati bemorihoi pust, resh, shalhidagi, sukhtagi kor mefarmoyand. Meyori istemoli on baroi kalonsolon az 20 – 30 to 100 g (dar yak shabonaruz), baroi kudakon 5 – 10 g ast. Hamchunin gili safedro ba qursu habhoe, ki dar tarkibashon mavodi zudvayron doshta boshand, ilova mekunand.
Ad.: Halifaev D., Hojimatov M., Gil va gildavoi, D., 2002; Farmasevticheskaya khimiya, M., 2005.
M. Samiev.