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TADQIQOTHOI SHOYON DAR INKISHOFI BIOLOGIYA

25.10.2018 114 Views

  1. Arastu dar in solho nazariyai zina ba zina inkishof yoftani olami zindaro gufta guzasht va yak qator aqidahoi tabiiyu ilmiro peshnihod namud.
  2. Arastu ba chunin khulosa omad, ki olami zinda az tabiati gayri zinda bo tasiri quvvai ilohi – entelikhiya (az yunoni – tasir) paydo shudaast.
  3. Avvalin bor mikroskop ikhtiro shud. (G.Galiley). Gardishi khun malum gardid. (V.Garvey).
  4. Tashkil yoftani mavqei tamomi mavjudoti zinda az tukhm. (V.Garvey).
  5. Kapillyarho (ragchaho) kashf shudand. (M.Malpigi). Sokhtori hujayragii boftai puk malum gardid. (R. Guk).  Bo rohi tajriba isbot gardid, ki kirminai pashsha az tukhmi onho paydo meshavad. (F.Redi). Bakteriyaho va soddatarinho malum gardidand. (A. Levenguk).
  6. Plastidho va khromatoforho malum shudand. (A.Levenguk).
  7. Nakhustin bor mushohida shudani nutfai (spermatozoid)-i odam. (A.Levenguk).
  8. Mahfumi namud hamchun chenaki sistematiki qabul gardid. (D.Rey) .
  9. Sokhtori sistematika va nomenklaturai binari (dunomagi) qabul shud. (K.Liney).
  10. Malum shud, ki oksigenro rastaniho khorij mekunand. (J.Pristli).
  11. Aloqamandii rushnoi va rangi sabzi rastaniho muayyan gasht. (YA.Ingenkhauz).
  12. Nazariyai avvalini olami organiki tashkil yoft. (J. B.Lamark).
  13. Malum gardid, ki az mavodi jav krakhmal ba qand bo yorii ferment tabdil meyobad. (G.Kirkhgof).
  14. Qonuni bo ham monandii janin tashkil yoft. (K.M.Ber). YAdroi hujayra kashf gardid. (R.Broun).
  15. Nazariyai hujayragi peshnihod gardid. (T.SHvann, M. SHleyden).
  16. Voridshavii nutfa (spermatozoid) ba hujayratukhm mushohida shud. (F.Keber).
  17. Paydoishi har yak hujayra az hujayra tashakkul yoft. (R. Virkhov).
  18. Kitobi CH.Darvin «Paydoishi namudho bo rohi intikhobi tabii yo zinda mondani fardhoi khubtar mutobiqshuda dar muboriza baroi hayot» nashr shud.
  19. Nazariyai khud az khud paydoshavi inkor gardid. (L.Paster).
  20. Qonuni biogenetiki tashkil yoft. (E.Gekkel, F.Myuller).
  21. Qonunhoi irsiyat nashr shudand. (G.Mendel).
  22. Kislotahoi nukleini kashf shudand. (F.Misher).
  23. Tasdiq shud, ki safedaho az aminokislotaho sokhta shudaand. (N.N.Lyubavin).
  24. Mitozro dar hujayrai rastani mushohida namudand. (I.D.CHistyakov).
  25. Malum shud, ki ravandi oksidshavi na dar khun, balki dar boftaho ba amal meoyad. (E. Pflyuger).
  26. Taqsimshavii mitozi dar hujayrai hayvon tasdiq gardid. (V.Fleliming, P.I.Peremejko).
  27. Vitaminho malum shudand. (N.I.Lukin).
  28. Nazariyai biologii (fagositari) immunitet tashkil yoft. (I.I.Mechnikov).
  29. Virusho kashf shudand. (D.I.Ivanovskiy).
  30. Nakhustin bor meyoz malum gardid. (V.I.Belyaev).
  31. Duchanda bordorshavi dar rastanihoi guldor malum gardid. (S.G.Navashin).
  32. Bakteriofakho (virushoe, ki bakteriyahoro mekhurand) kashf shudand. (N.F.Gamaleya).
  33. Qonuni merosguzori duyumbora kashf shud. (K.Korrens, E.CHermak, G.de.Friz).
  34. Tasavvurot oidi faoliyati reflekshoi sharti malum gasht. ( I.P.Pavlov).
  35. Mavqei rastanihoi sabz dar gardishi energiya va moddaho dar tabiat malum shud. (K.A.Timiryazev).
  36. Nazariyai filembriogenez-makroevolyutsiya tashkil yoft. (A.N.Seversov).
  37. Nazariyai khromosomii irsiyat peshnihod gardid. (T.Morgan).
  38. Qonuni qatori gomologii tagyirpazirii irsi tashkil yoft. (N.I.Vavilov).
  39. Tasiri yak qismi janin ba qismi digar va mavqei joydoshtai in qism dar inkishofi janin malum gasht. (G.SHpeman).
  40. Fotosintez hamchun jarayoni oksidshavandayu barqarorshavanda tasdiq gardid. (T.Tunberg).
  41. Nazariyai tabiiyu ilmii paydoishi hayot dar rui zamin malum gardid. (A.I.Oparin).
  42. Asari Vernadskiy oid ba «Biosfera» nashr shud. Penitsilini tabiiro judo kardand. (A.Flemming).
  43. Sokhta shudani mikroskopi elektroni. (E.Ruska, M.Knoll).
  44. Antibiotiki tozai khimiyavii penitsilinro dastras namudand. (G.Flori, E.CHeyn)
  45. Nazariyai biogeosenoz peshnihod shud. (V.N.Sukachyov).
  46. Mavjud budani mutatsiyai spontani (tabii) malum gardid. (S.Luriya, M.Delbryuk).
  47. Mohiyati genetikii KDN isbot gardid. (O.Everi, S.Makleod, M.Makkarti).
  48. Turi endoplazmatikiro kashf namudand. (K.Porter).
  49. Tabiati immunologii nomuvofiqii kuchonidan (transplantatsiya)-i boftaho va uzvho malum shud. (P.Medavar).
  50. Sistemai rekombinatsiyavi dar bakteriyaho malum gardid. (D.Lederberg, E.Tatum).
  51. YAgonagii prinsipi nazorat dar sistemai kibernetika va organizmhoi zinda tasdiq gardid. (N.Vinner).
  52. Tasavvurot oid ba sokhtani modeli sokhtori KDN malum gardid. (D.Uotson, F.Krik).
  53. Gibridizatsiyai hujayrahoi somatiki (jism) tasdiq shudand. (G.Barskiy).
  54. Tipho va tabiati umumii kod (ramz)-i genetiki muayyan shud. (F.Krik, L.Barnet, S.Brenner, R.Uots-Tobin).
  55. Klonikunonii hayvonot ogoz shud. (J.Gerdon).
  56. Fahmishho oidi faol gardidani genhoi tanzimgar (regulyator) az tarafi genhoi operatori malum shud. (F. Jakob, J. Mono).
  57. Bo usuli khimiyavi genro sintez kardand. (H.Korana).
  58. Nuskhabardorii (transkripsiya) baraks malum gardid, yane az KRN-KDN nuskhabardor meshavad. (H.Temin, D. Baltimore).
  59. Nakhustin tajribaho oidi klonikunonii molekulavi nashr gardidand. (S.Koen, A.CHang).
  60. Imkoniyati digar shudani genotipi hayvonro bo yorii molekulahoi rekonbinativi KDN isbot gardid. (R. Tolmiter, R.Brinster).

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