Jugrofia

Az guftahoi bobi “Iqlim” barmeoyad, ki iqlimi mahalhoi mukhtalifi Zamin asosan ba arzi geografi, mavqei onho  nisbat ba bahru uqyonusho, khususiyathoi anbuhi havo, inchunin ba gunogunii sathi Zamin (hamvory yo kuhsor, yo regzor budan va gayra) vobasta ast. Dar sharoiti marzi Tojikiston balandii mahal az sathi bahr, relef va joygirshavii …

Az mushohidahoi mahalaton misolho ored – ba balandii Oftob bar ufuq va az davomnokii ruz vobasta budani garmshavii havoro sharh dihed. Oftob – manbai garmi va ravshani. Oftob kurai azimi gazmonandi tafson buda, yake az sitorahoi beshumori kayhon ast. On ba sayyoraamon – Zamin nazdiktarin sitora buda, dar masofai qarib …

Mafhumi obu havo. Har ruz borho az radio va televizion dar borai obu havo khabar meshunaved. Az on boyad pay burda boshed, ki obu havo dar mahalhoi gunogun har khel ast (inro bo (isolho fahmida gired). Dar in vaqt obu havoi ruzi digarro ham meguyand. In akhbor va mushohidahoi shumo …

Iqlim chist? Faslhoi solro nombar kuned va muhlati takhminii farorasii onhoro dar mahalaton naql namoed. Bahoru tobiston, tiramoh, zimiston chi khel obu havo msshavad? SHerkhoero ba yod ored, ki obu havoi faslhoi gunogunro vasf karda boshand (masalan, sheri Abuabdullohi Rudaki “Omad bahorn khurram”. “Bahor omad”-i Ozod Aminzoda…). Mafhumi iqlim. Baroi har …

Namudhoi borishot. Obero, ki az havo dar holati moe va yo sakht ba sathi Zamin merezad, borishoti atmosferi menomand. Borishot asosan az abr dar shakli qatrahoi boron, rofibarf, kola merezad. SHabnam, qirav, yakhcha barin borishoti, atmosferi dar sathi khunukshudai Zamin, binoho, nabotot mushohida meshavand. Baroi ba vujud omadani borishot lozim …

Bukhori ob dar havo. Dar hama joi havo bugi ob khast. On khangomi bukhorshavy, ki dar harorati musbatu manfy doimo az sathi khushki. nabotot, hayvonot, kulu daryo, obanborkho, barfu yakh ba amal meoyad. ba atmosfsra dokhil meshavad. Manbai asosii obi atmosfera bukhorshavy az sathi bahru uqyonuskho (qarib 86% bugi khavo) …

Sababhoi paydoshi bod (SHamol). Havo shaffof va beabr ast, mavjud budani onro az harakati havo – bod his mekunem, Havo heh goh orom nest. Harakati ufuqii havoro bod menomand. Sababi harakati ufuqii havo nobarobarii fishori atmosferi dar mavzehoi gunoguni sathi Zamin meboshad. Nobarobarii fishor dar navbati khud ba gunogunii darajai …

Fishori atmosfsferi chist? Havo massa va vazn dorad, binobar in ba sathi hamshafat fishor meovarad. Muayyan shudaasg, ki sutuni havo az sathi bahr to sarhadi boloi atmosfera ba har yak santimetri murabbai sathi Zamin bo vazni 1 kg 33 g fishor meorad (Hisob kuned, ki agar masohati kafi dastaton taqriban …

Havo chi tavr garm va sard meshavad? Dar troposfera havo nurhoi Oftobro misli shishai tireza az khud meguzaronad va az on havo qarib garm nameshavad (ba shishai nurhoi Oftob aftida va takhtai zeri on tireza dast rasoned). Muqarrar shudaast, ki nurhoi Oftob avval sathi Zaminro garm mekunand, az garmii dar …

Omuzishi atmosfera. Omuzishi atmosfera hamchun manbai hayot nihoyat muhim ast. Holo qabathoi gunoguni atmosfera ba vositai asbobhoi zamonavii avtomatiki, radio, moshinhoi elektronii hisobbaror, az jumla bo aerostat, kura-zond, radiozondu samolyotho, qabathoi boloii on bo yorii mushakhoi meteorologi, radifhoi masnuii Zamin tadqiq karda meshavand. Atmosfera asosan tahti rohbarii tashkiloti umumijahonii meteorologi, …