Комрон.инфо
CHunone ki malum ast, bisyor botanikho dar natijai duraga kardani volidoni gunogun, ki bo alomathoi khud farq doshtand, kushish ba kharj dodaand, ki mekhanizmi ba meros guzoshtani onhoro kushoyand. Ba in maqsadi oli avvalin shuda olimi CHekh G.Mendel noil gardid. Mendel baroi tajriba navhoi gunoguni rastanii nakhudro intikhob mekard. CHunki in rastaniro pesh az hama ba osoni ruyonidan mumkin bud. Nakhud khudgardoludshavanda buda, naslhoi gomozigoti ba vujud meorad. In rastani, inchunin, alomathoi sahehi farqkunanda dorad.
Muhimash in ast, ki Mendel dar avval omukhtani tanho yak alomat va badan chand alomatro baroi tajriba ba kor burd. In usul imkon dod, ki mekhanizmi qonuniyathoi merosguzorii alomathoi irsi kashf karda shavand.
Dar naslho hisobi omori (statistiki)-ro ba kor burda, tavassuti tafakkuri balandi matematiki doshtanash Mendel peshrafti murakkabshavii tajribaro muayyan karda bud. Az in nigoh, Mendel nisbat ba biologhoi hamzamoni khud yak zina balandtar meistod. Az tarafi digar, baroi tajriba organizmhoi (khathoi) sofro istifoda burd. Alomathoi in rastaniho dar natijai khudgardoludshavi dar naslhoi oyanda tajziya nameshavand. Gayr az in, Mendel az boloi tagyiryobii alomathoi ba chashm namoyoni bo ham mukholif mushohidaho guzaronid.
Masalan, gulhoi surkhchatobu safed, qadi baland va kutoh, rangi donahoi zardu sabz va gayra. Az muqoisai natijai tajribaho va hisobi nazariyavi Mendel ba khulosa omad, ki qonuniyathoi nishondodai on kharakteri umumii omori doshta, chi qadar miqdori fardhoi duragashuda ziyod boshad, hamon qadar hisobi amali va nazariyavi ba ham nazdikand.
Hamin tavr, usulho va shaklhoi dar tajriba istifoda burdai Mendel dar sohai biologiya usuli navro ba vujud ovardand, ki bo nomi usulhoi Mendel yo usuli gibridiologi mamuland.
Savolho baroi sanjish:
- Qonunhoi merosguzorii alomathoi irsiro ki bori avval kashf namudaast?
- G.Mendel tajribahoyashro dar kadom rastaniho guzaronida bud?
- Bo yorii kadom usulho ba Mendel muyassar gardid, ki qonunhoi merosguzorii alomathoi irsiro kushoyad?
