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PIRYAHHOI Tojikiston

Pandoishi piryakh. SHumo medoned, ki yak qismi borishot ba sathi Zamin ba namudi barf va jola merezad. Dar qutbho, nohiyahoi nazdiqutby, kuhhoi baland, ki havo dar tobiston ham khunuk ast. barf va jola purra ob nameshavand. Dar natija sol az sol miqdori ziyodi barf jam meshavad. Bad barf ohista- ohista zich shuda, ba yakh tabdil meyobad.

Piryakhi Fedchenko
Piryakhi Fedchenko

Dar kuhho barf to balandihoi muayyan ob meshavad. Az on bolo barfhoi doimi va piryakhho hukmfarmo meboshand. Hududi poyonii onhoro khati barfy menomand. Az in khat bolo barf dar davomi sol ob nameshavad. Balandii khatti barfi dar hama jo yak khel nest. Dar kuhhoi nazdi khati istivo khati barfi dar balandii 500 metr buda, dar kuhhoi Pomir az balandihoi 5200-5240 metr meguzarad. Dar qutbhoi SHimoli va Januby to sathi obi uqyonus poyon mefaroyad.

Piryakhi kuhi va ruizamini. Piryakhhoi sathi khushkiro vobasta ba andoza va khususiyatu mavqei joygirshaviashon ba du guruhi kalon judo mekunand: piryakhhoi kuhy va ruizaminy. Piryakhhoi ruizamini dar mintaqahoi qutbi pahn gardidaand. Andozai onho  buzurg buda, masohati khele kalonro hamchun sipar pushondaand. Piryakhi ruizamini qarib tamomi sathi Antarktidaro faro giriftaast. On bo tasiri vazni khud az markaz ba tarafi uqyonus harakat mekunad. Hamin ki ba uqyonus rasid, shikasta, chun kuhi yakhin shino mekunad, ki onro aysberg (az lafzi skandinavy kuhhoi yakhin) menomand. Darozii onho  to 300 kilometr va balandiashon to 600 – 700 metr meshavad. Aysbergkho baroi kishtihoe, ki dar uqyonus shino mekunand, khatarnok meboshand.

Piryakhhoi kuhi ba monandi piryakhi mintaqahoi qutbi mavzei ishgolkardaashonro sarosar napushondaand. Onho dar qullaho, khamiho va vodihoi kuhi az yakdigar judo-judo khobidaand. SHakl va andozai onho  gunogun meshavad. Bazei onho  shokha dorand. Piryakhho dar on mavzehoe khobidaand, ki sathi onho  ba in yo on su nisheb ast. Binobar in piryakhho az nishebii kuhho va vodihoi kukhy ba poen harakat mekunand. Harakati onho  khele sust ast. Dar yak shabonaruz az 20 sm to 80 sm harakat mekunand. Hangomn harakat jinshoi kuhii nishebii kuh va vodiro kanda bo khud mebarand.

Piryakhhoi kuhi az khati barfy poyon faromada, khatman ob  meshavand. Dar jon onho sangporahoi hajman gunogun va digar jinshoi kuhie, ki piryakh ovardaast, boqi memonand. Onro morenai kanori menomand.

Anbuhi yakhi paydoishash atmosferiro, ki dar sathi Zamin harakat mekunad piryakh menomand. Piryakh dar on nohiyakhoe hosil meshavad, ki borishoti sakhti atmosferi nisbat ba ob va bukhor shudan ziyodtar tahshin meshavad.

aysberg

Dar Pomiri Garbi piryakhi Hirson mavjud ast, ki har sari chand vaqt harakat karda, majroi daryoi Abduqahorro band mekunad va baroi aholi va khojagii khalqi jumhuri zarari kalon merasonad (masalan, solhoi 1937. 1951, 1963, 1973).

Ahamiyati piryakhho. Dar rui Zamin piryakhhoi kuhi nihoyat bisyorand. Masohati onho hamagi 1.5 foizi masohati sathi khushkiro tashkil medihad. Ahamiyati piryakhho dar tabiat va hayotu faoliyati khojagii odamon nihoyat kalon ast. Piryakhho baroi nohiyahoi kamborishi rui Zamin hamchun manbai ob khizmat mekunand. YAkea z chunin nohiyaho Osiyoi Miyona meboshad. Masohati umumii piryakhho dar kuhhoi Osiyoi Miyona 17-18 hazor kilometri murabbaro tashkil medihad. Az on 60 foiz ba Jumhurii Tojikiston rost meoyad. Piryakhhoi Tojikiston asosan dar kuhistoni Pomir voqe gardidaand. Masohati onho  8500 kilometri murabba buda, az 8493 piryakhi khurdu kalon iborat ast. Az onho daryohoi kaloni Osiyoi Miyona gizo girifta, zaminhoi khushkro obshor megardonand.

Ba gufayli obe, ki ba in daryoho jory meshavad, dar biyobonhoi Osiyoi Miyona vokhahoi sabzu khurram ba vujud omadaand. Ziyoda az 90 foizi obi shirini rui Zamin ba piryakhhoi ruizaminy post meoyad. Insoniyat mumkin ast dar oyanda onro istifoda barad. Holo olimon baroi justujui rohi istifodai aysberghoi shinokunandai uqyonus fikru andesha meronand.

Savol va suporish

  1. 1 Piryakhho chi tavr hosil meshavand?
  2. Piryakhhoi kuhi az piryakhhoi pushanda chi farq dorand?
  3. Oyo piryakhho harakat mekunand?
  4. Piryakhho dar tabiat va hastii inson chi ahamiyat dorand?

 

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