OLAMI HAYVONOTI Tojikiston va Kitobi surkh

Ba hayvonoti shikori navhoi bisyori shirkhurho, parrandaho, mohiyon taalluq dorand. Az hayvonhoi shirkhur: khuki yoboi, khargush, ruboh, qashqaldok, sugur, gurg, savsori kuhi; az parrandaho: kabk, qoz, murgobii hindi va digarho ahamiyati shikori dorand va baroi gusht yo muina beshtar sayd karda meshavand.

SHikorchiyoni jumhuri harsol ba mablagi ziyoda az 0.5 million sum muina mesuporidand. Beshtar shikori bardavomu benazorat ba khele kam shudani shumorai hayvonoti purqimat ovarda rasonid. Palang, nakhjir, silovsin, kokum, miri mushon, ohui kuhi, kabki dari, ki pesh az in khele bisyor budand, holo kam boqi monda, onhoro dar joyhoi khele kamodami dastnoras didan mumkin ast. Ohuvon dar nohiyakhoi janubi sharqi, nakhjir dar qatorkukhhoi sanglokh, gusfandi kuhi dar qatorkuhhoi Qarotog boqi mondaandu khalos. Hirs, khargush, khuki yoboi, murgi dashgi kamtar vo mekhurdagi shudand. Baze hayvonhoi kamyofg, az qabili palang, silovsin, morhoi afiro shikorchiyon makhsus faqat baroi boghoi hayvonot doshga megirand.

Az morhoi afi mori gurzaro baroi griftani zahrash medorand. Zahri gurzaro bad az toza kardan ba sifati dorui khunnigohdoranda (dar Vaqti amaliyoti jarrohi va muolijai zakhm) istifoda mebarand. Holo shikori ohu, nakhchir, buzi dashti, murgi dashti, murgi obi va digar hayvonot dar hama joyho man karda shudaast. Az sababi man karda shudani shikor va dastnoras budan dar Pomiri SHarqi hanuz bisyor hayvonho boqi mondaand. Dar in jo nakhjir, buzhoi kuhi, khargushho kam nestand va bazan palang ham vomekhurad. Bo maqsali nigoh doshtani hayvonhoi makhsusi purqimat va kamyoft soli 1939 dar poyonobi daryoi Vakhsh mamnugohi «Beshai palangon» barpo karda shuda bud. Dar mamnugoh sarshumori gavazni ajoibi bukhoroi afzud, ki galai on, az ruyi hisobi takhmini, qarib ba hazor cap merasad, lar in cho murghoi dashti ham bisyorand.

Baze navhoi mohiyon zagoramohi, simmohi, muylabdaroz. Laqqamohi, shurtan, marinka, plat va gulmohi, ki dar daryohoi sir. Bakhsh va Kofarnihon doshta meshavand, ahamiyati shikori dorand. Dar kulhoi Pomir YAshilkul, Bulunkul mohii marinka bisyor ast. Hamai daryoho, kulho va obhavzhoi jumhuri sole taqriban 15-20 hazor sentner mohi doda metavonand. Obanborhoi daryoi Sir manbai asosii mohidory meboshand. Dar obanborhoi nohiyai Kuybishev zagoramohi, mohihoi nuqragin va pahnpeshoni parvarish yofta, ba aholi furukhta meshavand. Dar nohiyai Kofarnihon zavodi gulmohiparvari arzi vujud dosht.

Dar muborizai ziddi hasharoti zararrasoni kishovarzi usuli biologi mavqei muhim dorad. Baroi in parrandagoni hasharotkhur mayna, faroshturuk, saba, bulbul, kabutar, zardak, bum va gayrahoro muhofizat kardan lozim ast. Masalai imkoniyati istifoda burdani muborizai biologi bar znddi zararrasonandagoni pakhta tatbiq shuda istodaasg. Parazitologho muayyan kardand, ki gambuski stetorus kirmi magasi shildirosi, tortanakkaia va baze digar hasharoti zararrasonro nest mekunad.

Mohichai maydai gambuziya kirmi pashshai varajaro mekhurad. Ba tufayli parvarish kardani gambuziya dar kulhoi «Beshai palangon», ki peshtar az pashsha pur budand, holo in hasharoti ozordihanda kam shudaast.

Dar Tojikiston navhoi hayvonoti kaloni shokhdoru moli mayda gov, gusfandu buz, qutos; az parrandaho — murg, murgoby, murgi marjon; hayvonhoi borkash — khar, asp, khachir va shutur chun hayvonhoi khonagi ahamiyati kalon dorand.

Holo dar Tojikiston ba gayr az gusfandoni zoti kukhistony, karoquli. khisory boz zotkhoi mahinpashm va nimmakhinpashm niz parvarish karda meshavand.

Mardu.mi tojik az davrakhoi kadim kirmak meparvarand va dar diyori mo kirmakparvari tarakki kardaast, inchunin dar solkhoi okhir parvarishi zanburi asal toraft vusat mesbad.

Holo ba gany kardani olami hayvonoti chumhuri va parvarishi zotkhoi foidanoktarin diqqati kalon doda meshavad.

Pajuishgohi zoologiya va parazitologiyan AI Jumhurii Tojikiston dar mamnugohi «Beshai palangon» hayvoni purqimati qunduzro ba iqlimi Tojikiston mutobiq kunondaast. In qunduzi botloqii Amerikan Janubi ast, ki ba Tojikiston az Ozarboyjon soli 1949 ovarda shudaast. Ba sohili daryoi Okkuli khurd az in hayvon 40 adad cap doda budand. Soli digar, ki sarshumori qunduz panj barobar afzud, doshta giriftand va dar bazai on fermai qunduzparvarii Jillikul tashkil gardid. Huroki asosii qunduz reshahoi nay meboshad. Zoologho imkoniyati dar nohiyakhoi gunoguni Tojikiston ba iqlim odat kunondani ondatra (kallamushi oby), enot, samur, sanjob va digar hayvonhoi muinadorro muayya namudaand.

Dar havzhoi mohiparvarii Kuybishev, Jillikul, Vakhsh, Qayrokqum, Norak va gayra ba ziyod kardani khelhoi navi mohi ikhtiologhoi Tojikiston mashguland. Ikhtiologho dar kulhoi sohili obgalti daryoho joygir kardani okuni gulmohimonand va ba daryohoi kuhi cap dodani navhon gulmohiro tavsiya mekunand. Azbaski dar kulu daryohoi tabii khurok kam buda, jarayoni ob tez ast, opho kammahsul meboshand, vale havzhoi suni az in jihat khele bartari dorand. Dar onho chorahoi gunoguni behtarkunii zakhirakhoi khuroki mohiyonro ba amal ovardan mumkin ast. Obanborhoi Farhod. Qayroqqum, Norak, Rogun, dar oyanda obanbori Sangtuda, inchunin obhavzhoi sershumori hojagi va kooperativi, ki dar nohiyahoi Tojikiston sokhta shudaand, makoni mohiparvari khohand gardid.

Hamin tavr, dar sharoiti kamborishu mintaqavii Tojikiston mohiparvari ba vujud omada, taraqqi karda istodaast.

Guruhkhoi hayvonoti gunogun khele sershumorand, ki baroi biogeosenozho ahamiyati kalon dorand. Aksariyati rastanihoi guldorro hasharot gardolud mekunad. Mohiho, hasharot, darrandaho boshand az hisobi hamdigar zindagi mekunand. Dar khok pusidani jasadi hasharot in yaz ahamiyat kholi nest.

Holo dar jumhuri az sababi khele kam shudani shumorai morhoi zahrdor — aynakdor, gurza va mori afii regzor hayvonoti muhofizatshavanda elon karda shudand. SHikori nn morho hatto baroi maqsadkhoi zaruri tanho bo njozati makhsusi Vazorati muhofizati tabiati Tojikiston mumkin ast.

Azbaski dar jumkhuri bosurat zaminhoi bekorkhobidai dashtu biyobon va regu qumzorho obshor karda meshavand, guruhi khazandaho toraft kam meshavand. Alhol 17 namudi on ba «Kitobi surkh»-i Tojikiston dokhil karda shudaast.

Bo tavsiyai olimoni jumkhuri ba Kitobi surkhi baynalkhalqi va millii hayvonoti nodir — 33 namudi parrandaho va shirkhurho, ki dar mintakahoi gunoguni jumhuri mavchudand, dokhil gardidand. Murgi hilol, sabai tibeti, qozi kuhi, uqob, kargas, babri barfi, gavazni bukhoroi, gusfandi osiyoi va gayraho az jumlai onhoand. Dar in bobat kori purmahsuli Jamiyati muhofizati tabiati Tojikiston, ki ziyoda az 1 mln. 350 hazor azo dorad, khele ahamiyatnok ast.