Nuri baroi rastani

Dar kishtzorhoi khokashon az moddahoi gizoi kambagal hosilnokii ziroathoi kishovarzi nihoyat kam ast. Baroi baland bardoshtani hosilnokii chunin zaminho ba khok nurihoi gunogunero, ki norasoiashon nazarras ast, meandozand. Nuriho du khel meshavand: nurihoi organiki va madani.

Nurihoi organiki (az kalimai organizm) moddahoe meboshand, ki dar natijai faoliyati hayotii rastaniho va hayvonot, inchunin dar natijai pusishi boqimondahoi nobudshudai onho ba vujud meoyand. CHunonchi, torf, porukhok, poru, sargini parrandagon va gayraho, dar tarkibashon tamomi moddahoi gizoii ba rastani zarurro dorand. In moddahoi organiki tanho pas az on ki bo tasiri mikroorganizmho pusida ba moddahoi madani tabdil meyoband, baroi rastani hamchun gizo khizmat mekunand.

In nuriho faoliyati hayotii mikroorgaiizmhoi dar khok zindagikunandaro tezonda, tarkibu sokhtori khokro beh megardonand. YAke az nurihoi mamultarini organiki poru meboshad. Dar poru moddahoe mavjudand, ki dar tarkibashon nitrogen, fosfor va kaliy barin elementhoi baroi hayoti rastanikho zarurbudaro dorand. Vale rastaniho in moddahoi darkoriro faqat pas az pusidani poru girifta metavonand. Binobar on dehqonon poruro tiramoh ba zamin meandozand, to ki to fasli bahor vay ba porukhok tabdil yobad.

Nurihoi madaniro asosan dar zavodhoi khimiyavi istehsol mekunand. Vobasta ba on, ki dar tarkibi nurii madani kadom element asosi ast, onhoro ba nurihoi nitrogendor, fosfordor va kaliydor judo mekunand.

Az nurihoi nitrogendor karbamid (durdai peshob), sulfati ammoniy va selitra, az nurii fosfordor – superfosfat va az kaliydor — khloridi kaliy, nitrati kaliy beshtar mamuland.

Nurihoi nitrogendor vakaliydor nazar ba digar nuriho dar ob behtar hal meshavand. Binobar on onhoro dar fasli bahor pesh az kishti ziroatho ba zamin meandozand. Nitrogen sabzishi poyavu barghoro metezonad, kaliy boshad ba sabzishu inkishofi resha, lundaho va piyozak musoidat mekunad.

Nurihoi fosfordor sust hal meshavand. Binobar on onhoro dar fasli tiramoh bo poru yakjoya ba zamin meandozand. Nurihoi fos- fordor pukhtarasii mevahoro metezonand. Inchunin, nurihoi fosfordoru kaliydor tobovarii rastanihoro ba khunuki ziyod mekunand.

Nurihoi madani dar shakli khoka yo donacha-donacha (gurusha) istifoda burda meshavand. Samaranokii nurihoi gurusha ziyod ast, zero onho dar khok davomnok nigoh doshta meshavand.

Dar shakli moe andokhtani nuriho dar davrai nashunamoi rastaniho gizodihii ilovagi nomida meshavad. Dar vaqti gizodihii moe ba nuri ob hamroh mekunand. Masalan, poruob, sarginob va gayraho. Ba rastani dodani gizoi ilovagi badi boridani boron yo vaqti sernam budani zamin ba maqsad muvofiq ast.

Inchunin nuriro az rui meyori muqarrarshuda andokhtan shart ast. Nurii barziyod metavonad ba nashunamoi rastaniho zarar rasonad. Agar nuriro sari vaqt va az rui qoidai muqarrarshuda andozem, hosili ziroathoi kishovarzy farovon khohad shud.

1. Nuriho chand khel meshavand?
2. Kadom nurihoi organikiro medoned?
3. Kadom nurihoi madaniro medoned?
4. Nurihoi nitrogendor, fosfordor va kaliydor dar hayoti rastaniho chi ahamiyat dorand?
5. Gizodihii ilovagi chist?