MUBODILAI KARBOGIDRATHO

MUBODILAI KARBOGIDRATHO, majmui ravandhoi hazm, hosil shudan, tajziya va az organizm khorij gashtani angishtobho va moddahoi angishtobdor. Baroi M. k. dar boftahoi odam va hayvonot ahamiyati glyukoza kalon ast. Manbai on dar organizm glikogen (khususan glikogeni jigar) va krakhmali gizohoi naboti meboshand. Glyukoza hamchunin metavonad az moddahoi gayriangishtobi dar jarayoni glyukoneogenez hosil shavad; on bahri nigoh doshtani konsentratsiyai zarurii glyukoza dar khun va boftaho ahamiyati kalon dorad. Sakharidhoi gizo, ki glyukoza dorand, dar rohi medayu ruda zeri tasiri fermenthoi gidrolizi (gidrolazaho)-i karbogidrazaho tajziya megardand. Glyukoza mabdai ravandi murakkabi neruofar – glikoliz ast. Gayr az glikoliz glyukoza metavonad bo rohi oksidshavi yo pentozofosfati tabdil yobad.
Dar tanzimi glikoliz, glikogenoliz (tajziyai fermentii glikogen) va glyukoneogenez insulin, adrenalin, glyukagon va glyukokortikoidho ishtirok menamoyand.
Nuqsi genetikii fermenthoe, ki dar M. k. shirkat dorand, mujibi bemorihoi irsii khele vaznin meshavand. Mas., galaktozemiya va fruktozemiya dar natijai norasoii fermenthoi mubodilai monosakharidhoi dakhldor sar mezanand. Ba enzimopatiyai nisbatan vaznin norasoii fermenti laktaza dar luobpardai ruda mansub ast (chunin kudakon az ruzi tavallud ba laktazai shir tob nameorand). Tashkhisi durusti chunin enzimopatiya nihoyat muhim ast, zero onro bisyor vaqt isholi khunin pindoshta bo antibiotikho muolija menamoyand va dar natija vazi bemor khele vaznin meshavad.
Nig. niz Karbogidratho.

F. A. SHukurov.