KALIY

KALIY (lot. Kalium), K. elementi khimiyavii guruhi 1 sistemai davrii Mendeleev; raqami at. 19, massai at. 39,098; s. 1807 G. Devi hangomi elektrolizi ishqorhoi K va Na judo kardaast. K. az du izotopi sobit – 39K (93,10%), 41K (6,88%) va yak radioaktiv – 40K (0,1%, T1/2 = 1,32 • 109 sol) iborat ast. K. metalli safedi nuqratob, khele narm va sabuk, t gud. 63, , 55°S, t jush. 760°S; zichiash 862 kg/m3 (20°S). Dar payvasthoyash yakvalenta, az jihati khimiyavi nihoyat faol; bo ob va kislotaho ba reaksiya dokhil shuda, gidrogen khorij mekunad. K. dar haror. muqarrari bo galogenho, hangomi garm kardan, bo sulfur, gidrogen, selen, tellur, dar razryadi elektrik bo nitrogen payvast hosil mekunad.
K.-ro dar tib chun davoi antiseptiki, shosharon istifoda mebarand. Dar organizm K. yake az elementhoi biogeni meboshad. Ionhoi K. dar faoliyati hayotii organizm, mas., generatsiya va guzashtani potensiali bioelektri dar asab va mushakho, gidratatsiyai kolloidho dar hujayra, sintezi safeda va g. roli muhim mebozand. Tagyiryobii meyori ionhoi K. dar organizmi odam boisi ikhtiloli tanzimi funksiyahoi organizm megardad. Dar tib az payvasthoi K. CH3COOK chun vositai shosharon, KCl hangomi norasoii K. dar organizm, KMnO4 chun antiseptik va g. istifoda meshavand. Miqdori K.-ro dar khun va boftaho gormonhoi boloi gurda – kortikosteroidho murattab mesozand. Talaboti shaboruzii odami kalonsol ba K. 2 – 3 g ast (bo istemoli gusht va mahsuloti rastani qone gardonda meshavad). Lubiyoiho, lablabu, kartoshka va rastanihoi khushadori khuroki hayvonot K.-i bisyor dorand.
Dar amaliyai tib az chunin doruhoi K. istifoda mekunand.
Atsetati kaliy (Kalii acetas; murodifash Kalium aceticum) chun davoi peshobron hangomi varamhoi marbut ba illati dil kor farmuda meshavad. Onro metavon hamchun manbai ionhoi K. dar mavridi gipokaliemiya niz kor farmud.
Hloridi kaliy (Kalii chloridum; murodifash Kalium chloratum)-ro hangomi gipokaliemiya, ki binobar qay, darunravi yo istifodai saluretikho inkishof meyobad, ba kor mebarand. On dar asnoi zahroludi az glikozidhoi dil va aritmiyai qalb niz kor farmuda meshavad. Istifodai khloridi kaliy hangomi khalal doshtani faoliyati gurdaho joiz nest.
Panangin (Panangin) az asparaginati kaliy va asparaginati magniy iborat ast. Istifodai on misli khloridi kaliy meboshad.
Bazan hamchun dorui K. orotati kaliyro niz tain mekunand, vale miqdori K. dar tarkibi on kam ast.