KADMIY

KADMIY (lot. Cadmium, az yun. kadmeia – madani ruh), elementi khimiyavii guruhi II jadvali elementhoi Mendeleev; raqami at. 48, massai at. 112,40; metalli safedi nuqratob. S. 1817 F. SHtromeyer kashf kardaast. K. 8 izotopi sobiti adadi massaashon 106, 108, 110 – 114, 116 dorad.
K metalli vaznin, narm va yozanda, ba kuft tobovar; t gud. 320,9°S, t jush. 767°S; zichiash 8650 kg/m3 (20°S). Payvasthoyash duvalenta ast. Dar havo bo qabati tunuki oksidi tira – CdO pushida meshavad. Dar haror. muqarrari bo galogenho va sulfur payvast gashta, dar kislotaho nagz hal meshavad; ba tasiri ishqorho ustuvor ast. Namakhoi asosi, duchanda va kompleksii K. sershumorand. Payvasthoi K. (khususan bugi oksidi K.) zahrnok meboshand. K. dar mubodilai karbogidratho, sintezi kislotai gippur dar jigar, faoliyati baze fermenthoi organizm ahamiyati muhim dorad.
Payvasthoi K. zahrnokand, mas., CaO, CdSO, CaS. Hamai onho tasiri angezishovar doshta, ba silsilai asabhoi markazi va kanori, shush, gurda, jigar, mushakhoi skelet, boftahoi ustukhon tasiri nomatlub merasonand. Baroi peshgiri kardani ziyoni K. dar korkhona boyad ba qoidahoi bekhatarii mehnat rioya karda shavad.