Ipoteka in yak namudi qarz ast, ki baroi kharidi manzil az bonk va digar tashkilothoi qarzii Tojikiston giriftan mumkin ast. Odatan in namudi qarzro bonk medihad vale hamon manzile, ki az hisobi qarz kharida meshavad ba sifati amvoli garav guzoshta meshavad.
Asosi qarzdihii ipoteki mutobiqi Qonuni Jumhurii Tojikiston dar borai ipoteka ki 20-umi marti soli 2008 qabul karda shudaast ba roh monda shudaast.
YAne bonk ba qarzgiranda mablagi puliro tariqi shartnoma dastras menamoyad vale bar ivazash hamon khonai mezaridaro to pardokhti purrai qarz va foizhoi on, ba sohibmulkii khud megirad.
Odatan in namudi qarz ba muhlati durru daroz yane ziyoda az 5-sol va bo foizi nisbatan past (5-15%) doda meshavad. Dar Tojikiston qarzi ipotekiro inchunin bo nomhoi zerin mamul ast:
- Qarz baroi kharidi manzil,
- Qarzi morgeyj,
- Qarzi ipoteki
Qarzhoi ipotekiro dar Tojikiston bonkhoi kalon ba mizojoni khud dastras mekunand va hajmi umumii on dar kishvar soli 2018 ziyoda 1 million dollari IMA meboshad, ki shumoraashon atrofii 100 nafarro tashkil medihad.
In namudi qarz dar bozori Tojikiston bo arzishi miyonai 15% bo dollari IMA va 20% bo asori milli (somoni) peshnihod meshavad, vale bo nazardoshti sathi daromadnokii mardum in nihoyat garon ast.
Dar kishvarhoi taraqqikarda qarzi ipoteki bo arzishi 1-3%-i solona peshnihod meshavad va muhlatash ham khelo daroz ast va ziyoda az 15-20 sollro dar bar megirad. Dar tajriba qarzhoi ipoteki tanho baroi kharidi manzili nav doda meshavad va yo khonahoe ki holati tekhnikii onho vayronavu kuhna naboshand.
Baroi tavsiya ba giriftani qarzi ipoteki metavoned ba Bonki Eskhata, Bonki avalini moliyavii khurd, Oriyonbonk murojiat namoed.
Qarzi ipotekiro in bonkhoi tojikistoni odatan dar davomi to 10-20 ruz dida baromada ba shumo oidi qarori dodan yo nadodani qarzro javob medihand.
Boyad guft, ki in namudi qarz baroi bonkho daromadi baland namedihad va baroi hamin ham az peshnihodi chunin qarz ba onho chandon jolib nest. Lek bo nazardoshti gunogun kardani khavfhoi khud va dar holati barziyod doshtani puli ozodi khud ba peshnihodi chunin namudi qarz mashgul bonkho mashgul meshavand.
Holathoi az sababi peshnihodi qarzi barziyodi ipoteki va poyon faromadani narkhi manzil dar tajriba jahoni bonkhoi ziyod muflis shudaand va baroi hamin ham chunin holathoi nomatlubro ba nazar girifta bonkho namekhohand, ki ba in namudi qarzdihi beshtar shugl varzand.
Bar ilovai in qarzi ipoteki az hisobi sarchashmahoi arzonu darozmuddat peshnihod karda shavand vale chunin imkonyatro aksari bonkhoi tojikiston nadorand. Bonkhoi khorijie, ki dar kishvar omada faoliyat mekunand inchunin ba hadafi kori khud peshnihodi chunin qarzdihiro ham to hol dar tajribai qarib 30-solai istiqloli kishvarramon nakardaand.
Garchande bonkho baroi peshnihodi qarzhoi arzoni ipoteki mayl namoyand, ham vale onho naboyad az arzishi miyonai qarzii bozori qarzhoi khudro arzontar peshnihod namoyand. Dar holati arzontar dodan pas farqi bayni onro bonkho majbur meshavand, ki tibqi kodeksi andoz az hisobi khud ba bujai kishvar intiqol dihand va in kharojoti ziyodati ba hisob rafta ba bonkho chandon pisand nest.
Qobili zikr ast, ki baroi giriftani qarzi ipoteki bonk chunin sharthoro nisbati qarzgirandai ipoteki talab menamoyad:
- Daromadi doimii qarzgiranda imkoniyati zistan va bargardonidani qarzro doshta boshad. Masalan baroi giriftani chunin namudi qarz maoshi kas aqalan 400-500 dollarro dar yak moh tashkil dihad.
- Qarzgiranda (mizoj) boyad loaqal 20-30%-i mablagi manzilro sohib boshad. Boqimonda 70-80% -i mablagi manzilro bonk medihad.
- To purra pardokhti kardani qarz bo foizhoyash, sohibmulkii manzil ba nomi bonk meshavad va pas az pardokht mizoj metavonad khonaro ba nomi khud ba rasmiyat darorad (oformlenie);
- Digar talabotho ki oidi sinu soli javon doshtan va davrai bargardonidani qarzi ipotekiro tasdiq karda tavonad.
Hajmi qarzi ipoteki vobasta ast az daromadi mohonai mizoj va harchiqadare ki on kalon boshad hamon qadar hajmi qarz ziyod meshavad.
Inchunin muhlati qarz ba hajm va imkoniyati qarzgiri tasir merasonad va harchiqadare ki muhlat ziyodtar boshad hamon qadar qarz kalon meshavad va baraks.