Комрон.инфо
Honii Huqand dar okhiri asri XVIII va ibtidoi asri XIX sarzamini vasero ishgol namud. SHahrhoi Huqand, Namangon, Andijon, Margelon, Ush (dar vodii Fargona), Toshkand va Turkiston, nohiyahoi hozirai Tojikiston – Isfara, Konibodom, Asht, kame dertar Darvoz, Qarotegin va Pomir ba in khoni tobe budand. Bo in qanoat nakarda, khonho baroi vasetar gardonidani mulki khud lashkarkashi va khunrezihoi ziyode kardaand.
Norbutabi panj pisar va panj dukhtar dosht. Bad az vafoti u pisarash Olimkhon takhtnishin gasht. U ziyoda az dah sol (1800-1810) hukm ronda, dar sinni 36-solagi az tarafi barodarash Umarkhon qatl shud.
Olimkhon baroi mustahkam namudani khonii Huqand baze tadbirho andeshid. U iqdom kard, ki baze urfu odathoero, ki ba shariati islom muvofiqat namekunand, barham dihand. CHunonchi, kasone, ki khudro durug sayidzoda va yo shaykhzoda elon karda budand, hamaro man namud.
Dar Movarounnahr va viloyathoi digar rasm bud, ki dar har jo darakhti azim boshad, on joro, mazor pindoshta, latta meovekhtand, charog dar megirondand, va az on makon yori metalabidand va khudro dar gumrohi meandokhtand. Bo farmoni Olimkhon in qabil darakhthoro az bekhu bunyodash barkandand.
CHorai navbatii Olimkhon nisbat ba gadoho bud. YAne gadohoe, ki bo vujudi davlat doshtan gadoi mekardand, hamaro khon jam namuda sorbon sokht. Ba har kadomi onho yak ushtur bispurd, ki onho farbeh kunand, dar vakti borbari ba korkhonai podshohi khozir sozand.
Az rui mushohidai Olimkhon dar qalamravi u shaykhtaroshone budand, ki khudro vali sokhta, bardurug karomatfurushi mekardand va musulmononro mefireftand. Hon jumlai in qabil odamonro jam namuda, imtihon namud. Onro, ki korash ba shar muvofiq bud, ba izzati tamom rukhsatu ijozat medod. Onro, ki korash bar khilofi shar darmeyoft, ba chandin khori tavba medod.
Az in chorajuiho barmeoyad, ki Olimkhon mardi sohibmarifat bud. Besabab nest, ki u payravi tariqai jahriya bud va har ruz bad az khuftan dar qasri khud jahr mekard.
CHorahoi andeshidai Olimkhon sababi norozi gashtani baze tabaqahoi ashrof va sardoroni qabilahoi bodiyanishin gasht. Baroi khudmuhofizati khoni mazkur safi sarbozonro az hisobi javononi kuhistoni – Mastchoh, Qarotegin va Darvoz afzun gardonid. Qismi savorai lashkari Huqand ba dah hazor rasid. Baroi in miqdor sarbozro az khurok va lavozimoti harbi tamin namudan Olimkhon ba tajovuzi mulkhoi digar omoda gasht. U borho baroi ishgoli Hujand, Uroteppa va Jizzakh lashkar kashidaast.
Amaliyoti tajovuzkoronai khoni Huqand ba nafsi amiri Bukhoro merasid. Bayni in du davlat baroi ishgoli mulki Uroteppa zadukhurdhoi bisyore ba miyon omadand.
CHun tasarrufi Uroteppa ba Olimkhon muyassar nashud, qusuri onro az joi digar barovard. Dar okhirhoi hukmroniash Toshkand va qabilahoi qazoqi hamjavori onro ba qalamravi khud dokhil kard.
Olimkhon dar bobati markazonidani davlat jiddu jahdi bisere ba kharj dod. Vale mukholifati doirahoi bonufuzi ayonu ashrof va ruhoniyonro bartaraf karda natavonist.
Ba guruhhoi az Olimkhon norozi muyassar gasht, ki suiqasd tashkil namuda, khonro ba qatl rasonand. Ba joi u barodarash Umarkhon (1810-1822) ba takht nishast. Dar ahdi saltanati u sokhti mamurii davlati khoni komilan tashakkul yoft. Umarkhon ba tarafi shimol lashkar kashida, masohati pahnovari dashthoi qazoqnishinro az bahri Aral to Haftrud ishgol namud. Hamin tariq, yak qismi qabilahoi qirgizu qazoq ba qalamravi khoni Huqand dokhil gardid. Tabaqai ashrof dar solhoi hukmronii u ba imtiyozhoi peshinai khud molik gardida, mansabhoi olii davlatiro sohib gashtand. Umarkhon borho baroi ishgoli Hujand, Uroteppa va Jizzakh bo hokimoni in mulkho va amiri Bukhoro jangidaast. Hunrezi va qatlu gorati lashkari Huqand hadu kanor nadoshtand. Masalan, soli 1816 Umarkhon Urotepparo ishgol namuda, ziyoda az du hazor kasro qatl kard. Sezdah hazor odamro asir namuda, ba mulki khud ovard. Bo quvvai asironi Uroteppagi shahre bo nomi SHahri Hon bino karda, sadho tanob zamin obyori karda shud. Dar muddati haft sol az rui farmoni Umarkhon asironi mazkur huquqi khona sokhtan nadoshtand. onho dar jaylavu chodarho istiqomat mekardand.
Bo rohi qatlu gorat va istismori mardumi zeridast ba Umarkhon muyassar meshavad, ki iqtidori iqtisodii mulki khudro ba darajai nisbatan baland bardorad.
Umarkhon khud shoir bud va bo takhallusi Amir sher meguft. Dar solhoi hukmronii u dar Huqand doirai adabi arzi vujud namud. YAke az shoirahoi sohibsaliqai in doyra hamsari Umarkhon – Mohlaroyim bud, ki bo takhallushoi Maknuna, Nodira va Komila sher ejod mekard.
Bad az vafoti Umarkhon pisari 15-solaash Muhammadalikhon ba takhti Huqand nishast. Dastavval u shakhsoni ba khud nomaqul va mahdudkunandai amaliyoti uro az darbor dur kard. Siyosati padar va amakashro davom doda, u borho baroi ishgoli Qoshgar, viloyathoi janubi Qazoqiston, Uroteppa, YOm va joyhoi digar lashkar kashid. Qarotegin, Kulob, Darvoz va yak qismi Badakhshon dar zamoni hukmronii khoni mazkur yak muddat tobei Huqand gashtand.
Dar khonii Huqand va amorati Bukhoro badi ba sari qudrat omadani Muhammadalikhon voqeahoi bisyore ruh dodand. Maqsadi har kadomi onho ba dast darovardani shahrhoi Jizzakh, Hujand va Uroteppa bud.
Taqriban soli 1828 Muhammadalikhon Urotepparo zabt namuda, ba amir Nasrullo sozishnomai sulhro peshnihod kard. Amiri Bukhoro in taklifro qabul namud. Sulh bayni du davlat az soli 1830 to soli 1840 ustuvor nigoh doshta shud.
Az soli 1840 to soli 1866 bayni khonii Huqand va amorati Bukhoro muborizahoi shadid davom kardand. Dar in muddat shahrhoi Hujand va Uroteppa har yakunim sol az dasti khon ba dasti amir meguzashtand va baraqs.
YAke az bahonahoi vayronshavii sulhi dahsola dar soli 1840 in ba tarafi amir Nasrullo guzashtani barodari Muhammadalikhon – Sulton Mahmudkhon bud. Amir Nasrullo uro qabul karda nisbati in mardi az barodari khud norozigashta mehruboniho zohir namud.
Baroi doiman dar zeri khavf nigoh doshtani mulkhoi zeri tasarrufi khoni Huqand buda, amiri Bukhoro Sulton Mahmudro hokimi Urmetan tain kard. Honi Huqand ba jang ziddi Bukhoro omoda gasht. Vale dar nazdi Uroteppa u shikast khurda aqibnishini namud. Hujand ba amiri Bukhoro be jang taslim shud.
Amir Nasrullo az aqibi lashkari Muhammadalikhon sarbozi dahhazornafararo bo safirho ravon kard. Honi Huqand ehsos namud, ki kor az dast raftaast. Binobar in u ba huzuri amiri Bukhoro pisarashro bo muhri davlati ravon kard. Safirhoi Huqand ba amir khabar rasondand, ki in khon ba Nasrullo shahrhoi Hujand, Toshkand va Turkistonro bo khiroji yaksolai davlati va boji az savdogaron jamovardaash medihad. Ilova bar hamai in dar khutba nomi amir Nasrullo girifta meshavad. hamai in guzorishho manii az dast dodani istiqloliyat va tobei amorati Bukhoro gashtani khonii Huqandro dosht.
Amir Nasrullo bo in guzorishho qanoatmandi khosil namuda, barodari Muhammadalikhon – Sulton Mahmudro hokimi Hujand tain karda, ba Bukhoro bargasht.
Muhammadalikhon ruyaki ba sharthoi Amiri Bukhoro rozi shuda, dar amal bar ziddi Bukhoro ba jang omoda megasht. Dar in kor modarash Mohlaroyim (Nodira) ba u kumak merasond. In zan ba Hujand ba nazdi pisari khurdiash Sulton Mahmudkhon omada uro baroi oshti bo barodarash Muhammadalikhon moil namud. Sozish namudani du barodar manoi onro dosht, ki Hujand az tasarrufi Bukhoro baromada, boz ba khonii Huqand hamroh shudaast.
In khabar Amir Nasrulloro ba gazab ovard va u soli 1842 ba samti Huqand lashkar kashid. In navbat poytakhti khonigari shahri Huqand az tarafi amir ishgol shud.
Honi Huqand Muhammadalikhonro bo pisarash, modarash Nodira va barodarash Sulton Mahmud ba qatl rasond. Nuh moh Huqand zeri idorai dastparvari Bukhoro qaror girift.
Muhammadalikhon mardi zolim va betarahhume bud. U odamoni begunohro ba qatl merasond. CHun shuhratparasti fosiq umr ba cap meburd, ayshu nush va kayfu safo shugli doimii Muhammadalikhon ba shumor meraft. Muhammadalikhon kaftarboziro dust medosht. Dar har joe, ki kaftarhoi bozingar parvarish meshudand, ba on jo lashkar kashida, sohibi in parandaho shudan mekhost. Bo in vasila hamnishastii u aksar vaqt kaftarbozoni kasbi va avboshoni shahri budand. Raftori nomunosibi khoni Huqand baroi ishgoli in mulk, qatli Muhammadalikhon va nazdikoni u az tarafi amir Nasrullo bahona shud.
Bad az dunim mohi in voqea hokimiyati Bukhoro dar Huqand az tarafi sarvaroni qabilahoi qirgizu qipchoq bo ittifoqi mardumi shurishbardoshtai shahri Huqand sarnagun gasht. Ba sari hokimiyat jiyani Norbutabii SHeralikhon (1842-1844) omad. U tavonist, ki hokimiyati Huqandro bori digar dar Toshkand, Kurama, Hujand va janubii Qazoqiston barqaror namoyad. Dar solhoi hukmronii u qabilai qipchoq bo sarvarii Musulmonqul dar mulki Huqand obru va nufuz paydo namud. Muboriza baroi takhti khoni bayni vorisoni Olimkhonu Umarkhon az yak taraf va qipchoqdo az tarafi digar, ba khunreziho ovarda, SHeralikhon qatl shud. Pisari u Hudoyorkhon soli 1844 ba takhti Huqand sohib gasht. Vale dar in sarzamin khudsarii qipchoqho ba darajai baland rasid. onho sohibikhtiyorona amal namuda, mardumi tahjoii Huqandro az khud past shumorida, tahqir mekardand. Oqibat bar ziddi Musulmonqul va qabilai qipchoq balvoi omma barkhesta, hokimiyati bodiyanishinon barham khurd. Soli 1852 Musulmonqul qatl shud.
