HUSUSIYATI OBI UQYONUS

SHurii obi uqyonus. SHuri yake az khususiyathoi muhimi obi uqyonus va bahrho meboshad. On dar hama jo yak khal nest. Dar obi daryoho ba hisobi miyona takriban 0,2% namak mavjud ast. Ammo dar obi uqyonusho va bahrho miqdori on nihoyat ziyod meboshad. Darajai shurii obi Uqyonusi Olam ba hisobi miyona 35% (promil)-ro tashkil medihad. YAne dar 1 litr obi Uqyonusi Olam 35 gramm namak budaast. Obi sohilhoi uqyonuskho az sababi ba on jo jory shudani obi shiripi daryoho darachai shuriash to 34- 32% kam meshavad. Dar khati istivo ham az sababi ziyod budani borishog shurii obi uqyonus kam ast. Ammo dar nohiyakhoe, ki borishot va harorat baland. bukhorshavi ziyod ast, shurii obi uqyonus meafzoyad. Dar Bahri Surkh shurii ob 42% -ro tashkil medihad.

Dar obi uqyonus gayr az namakho metallhoi gunogun niz mavjudand. Masalan, mis, nuqra, platina, tillo (tilloi kholis), alyuminiy (arziz), qalagi, volfram va gayra. Ammo onho dar ob nihoyat hissai kamro tashkil medihand. YAk qismi  onhoro az obi uqyonus, qismi digarashonro az tarkibi khuni khayvonho va takhshini qari uqyonus yoftaand.

Muayyan namudaand, ki az yak metri mukaabi obi uqyonus 0.008 mg tillo judo kardan mumkin ast. Ammo sharoiti hozirai tekhniki baroi ba tavri samarabakhsh istehsol kardani on imkoniyat namedihad. Az namakho dar obi uqyonus beshtar namaki osh hal shudaast. SHurii ob ba hamin vobasta ast. Ammo obi uqyonus tanho shur ne, balki shuri talkhmazza ast. Tami talkhi on ba namaki magniy vobasta meboshad, ki dar tarkibi obi uqyonus ba miqdori kofi vomekhurad. Hangomi ba miyon omadani zarurat az obi uqyonus in namakkhoro ba miqdori ziyod judo kardan mumkin ast. Dar yak vaqt dar tarkibn obi uqyonus moddahoi ziyodi halshuda mavjudand, ki qismi ziyodi onhoro oshkor namudai oson ast. Tanosubi oi moddahoi halshuda nisbat ba yakdigar ham dar sath va ham dar qari obi uqyonus yak khel meboshad, SHurii ob az rui hamin qonuniyat muayyan karda meshavad.

Harorati obi uqyonusho. Harorati ob dar sathi uqyonus va bahrho yak khel nest. In hodisa ba arzi geografi vobasta ast. Binobar in harorati obi sathi uqyonus dar nazdi khati istivo baland, dar nohiyahoi qutbii on past meboshad. Harorati az hama baland dar nazdi khati istivo 27-28 42 va dar nohiyahoi nazdiqutbii uqyonusho 12°S ast. Harorati obi uqyonus na fakat ba tarzi arzi, inchunin vobasta ba samti harakati jarayonkho (garm, khunuk va mobayni) va az qari tarqishhoi zeri uqyonus baromadani obhoi garm (harorati baze joyhoi onho to 40°S baland meshavad) tagyir meyobad.

In hodisa dar farqiyati harorati miyonai Uqyonusi Olam va qismhoi on (uqyonushoy alohida) baralo mushohida meshavad. Harorati miyonai obii sathi uqyonus qarib 18° € buda, dar Uqyonusi Orom 19.3” SL Uqyonusi Hind 17,2’ S. Uqyonusi Atlantika 16.5″ S. Uqyonusya YAkhbastai SHimoli ba 0.7“ S barobar ast. Tagyiroti mavsimii-; harorati obi sathi uqyonus faqat to chuqurii 100 metr> mushohida karda meshavad. Az in poyon harorati ob past shudad az chuqurihoi 1500 2000 metr poyon qarib dar hama jo, gayr az Arktika yak khel (az 2″S to 3° S) memonad. Dar fururaftaho qari uqyonus taqriban to 0″ past meshavad. Obi sathi uqyonus dar harorati – 2°S yakh mekunad. SHurii ob kam boshad, on nisbatan tez yakh mebandad.

Savol va sunorish

1. Obi bahrho va uqyonusho charo shurand?
2. Baroi chi obi bahrho yak khel shur nesgand?
3. Darajai shuri bo chy ifoda karda meshavad?
4. Harorati obi sathi uqyonus ba chy vobasta act?
5. Baroi chi harorati obi uqyonusho az yakdigar farq mekunand? (». Uqyonuskhoro az kharita nishon doda. mavqei geografii onhoro muayyan kuned.
6. Uqyonus az kadom qismhoi tarkibi iborat ast?