GINEKOLOGIYA

GINEKOLOGIYA (Gynaecologia; az yun. gyne, gynaikos – zan va …logiya), ilmi bemorihoi zanona, yak sohai tibbi klinikist, ki khosiyathoi anatomiyu fiziologii organizm, inchunin illati uzvhoi tanosuli zanhoro meomuzad. Vazifai umdai G. az ovoni kudaki andeshidani tadbirhoi peshgirii bemorihoi zanona va peshnihod kardani usulhoi muolijai onho meboshad. Malumoti avvalin doir ba G.-i amali dar «Papirusi ginekologi»-i Misr (a. 30 to m.), navishtajoti Bobuliston (a. 22 to m.), kitobi qadimii hinduho «Ayurveda» (a.-hoi 9 – 3 to m.) va g. duchor meoyand. Dar in sarchashmaho roje ba amenoreya, benasli, gazak va dig. bemorihoi azoi jinsii zan, inchunin usulhoi muolijai onho malumot doda shudaast. Dar asarhoi Buqrot dar borai alomatu rohhoi tashkhisi bemori, tarzi muolija va jarrohii amrozi ginekologi malumoti mufassal mavjudand. Dar inkishofi G. Abuali ibni Sino sahmi kalon guzoshtaast. u fasli makhsusi kitobi seyumi «Al-Qonun»-ro ba bemorihoi zanona bakhshidaast.
G. hamchun ilmi mustaqil dar a. 18 ba vujud omad. Ba tufayli tatbiqi aseptika va antiseptika doirai yorii jarrohi ba ashkhosi giriftori bemorihoi ginekologi vase gardid. G. ba akusheri robitai zich doshta, az faslhoi onkologiyai ginekologi, urologiyai ginekologi, endokrinologiyai ginekologi, jarrohii ginekologi va g. iborat ast. Dastovardhoi anesteziologiya, istifodai antibiotikho, khunguzaroni va tekhnikai zamonavi ba peshrafti jarrohii ginekologi musoidat kardand.
Dar Tojikiston G. chun ilm tarikhi chandon tuloni nadorad. S.-hoi 40-umi a. 20 M. A. Turdakov, M. V. Voyno-YAsenetskiy va V. A. Lositskaya doir ba bemorihoi ginekologii khosi jumhuri pajuhish anjom dodand. Mavzui asosii omuzishi onho bedardgardonii tavallud, khunguzaroni, daryofti rohhoi tabobati baze bemorihoi zanona bud. Hususan ba tasiri bemorii varaja ba jarayoni haml, tavallud va amrozi ginekologi etibori jiddi doda meshud.
Mavzui tadqiqoti minbadai ginekologhoi jumhuri halli masalahoi endokrinologiyai ginekologiro dar nazar doshtand; tasiri gormonhoi steroidi ba sabzishi hujayraho muayyan, miqdori kislotahoi nukleat dar endometriya oshkor, fiziologiya va patologiyai khuni zanho tadqiq karda shud.
S. 1941 dar DDTT ba nomi Abuali ibni Sino kafedrai akusheri va ginekologiya tasis yoft. S. 1957 zarurati tashkil namudani boz chunin yak kafedrai digar pesh omad. Mahz bo kushishi ustodoni kafedrahoi mazkur bisyor masalahoi G. mavridi omuzishi amiq qaror giriftand, mas., tasiri muhit ba organizmi zani homila va tifl; tanzimi oila; peshgirii saratoni gardanai bachadon; endokrinologiyai ginekologi; talassemiya va homilagi; fiziologiyai tavallud; tashkhis va tabobati ikhtiloli klimaks; rohhoi behtar gardondani shiri modaron; zarari moddahoi khimiyavi, khususan gerbisidu pestisidho ba faoliyati naslovarii zanho; tasiri omilhoi antropogeni ba inkishofi jinsi va jismonii dukhtaron va g. Pajuhishhoi solhoi badii ustodon ba daryofti usulhoi peshgirii favti modaru kudak, problemahoi modarii bekhavf dar jumhuri, tasiri muhit ba organizmi zani homila va tifl, tanzimi oila, shirmakonii kudakon va g. bakhshida shudaand.
S. 1980 dar jumhuri dar zaminai Laboratoriyai bemorihoi zanona, amrozi irsi va modarzodi kudakoni DDTT ba nomi Abuali ibni Sino In-ti tadqiqoti ilmii hifzi modaru kudak (hozira Pajuhishgohi akusheri, ginekologiya va perinatologiya) tashkil karda shud. On muassisai asosi oid ba khamohangsozii kumaki akusheriyu ginekologi va pediatri dar jumhuri meboshad. Az jonibi kormandoni pajuhishgoh oid ba daryofti asoshoi ilmiyu metodii takmili khadamoti akusheriyu ginekologi va pediatri, kam kardani bemorii anemiya va orizahoi gunoguni akusheri dar bayni zanhoi homila, bemorii kudakoni to 3-sola va g. tadqiqoti nazarras anjom paziruft.
YAke az samthoi asosii faoliyati muassisahoi akusheriyu ginekologii jumhuri hifzi solimii naslovarii zanho meboshad. Ayni zamon dar jumhuri markazu kabinethoi gunogun faoliyat dorand, ki rohhoi bosamari peshgirii hamli nomatlubro daryoft menamoyand.
Dar rivoju ravnaqi G. dar Tojikiston sahmi S.B. Golubchik, A.K. Safoterov, L.E. Gurtovoy, S.H. Hakimova, L.I. Trubnikova, M.T. Pulodova, M.K. Abdurahmonov, E.N. Narzulloeva, M.F. Dodkhoeva, R.T. Mirsaburova, T.M. Abdushukurova va dig. arzanda ast.

M. D. Fayzulloeva.