GIGIENAI SHAHSi

GIGIENAI SHAHSi (Hygiena individualis), majmui qoidahoi behdosht, ki ijroi onho bahri tandurustii odam musoidat mekunad. G. sh. chunin qoidahoi umumi (baroi hama sinnu sol yak khel ast)-ro darbar megirad: ivazi mehnati fikri va kori jismoni, varzishi jismoni, istemoli murattabi khuroki khushsifat, mehnatu istirohat, khobi bofarogat va g. Ba G. sh. pokizagii badan, kurpavu bolin, sarulibos, manzil va rioyai tozagi hangomi pukhtupaz niz taalluq dorad. Tozagii badan yake az sharthoi asosist. Dar muddati yak hafta gadudhoi charb ba sathi pust az 100 to 200 g ravgan, gadudi araq az 3,5 to 7 l araq mebarorand. Binobar in pustro muntazam shustan lozim, vagarna khususiyathoi muhofizii organizm khalal yofta, baroi afzoishi mikrobho va zanburugahoi parazit sharoiti musoid faroham meoyad.
Hususan joyhoi barahnai badan beshtar iflos meshavand. Isbot shudaast, ki hangomi siroyat yoftani dasti toza shumorai bakteriyaho badi 10 daq. 85% kam meshavad, ammo dar dasti noshusta adadi onho faqat 5% (badi 20 daq.) kam megardadu bas. Bakteriyaho (taqr. 95%-i mikroorganizmhoi pusti dast) dar zeri nokhun joygirand. Az in ru nokhunhoro muntazam girifta, dastro bodiqqat shustan lozim. Tozagii dasti kormandoni oshpazkhonaho sharti hatmist. Dar sharoiti khona khurokro boyad bo dasti toza tayyor kard (mas., isholi khunin, yane dizenteriyaro «bemorii dasti iflos» menomand). Ba kudakon niz az khurdsoli qoidahoi G. sh.-ro omukhtan lozim. Pusti badanro asosan bo obu sobun toza mekunand. Baroi shustushuy sobuni mushkinro istifoda mebarand. Har shakhs boyad khususiyathoi pustashro donad (pust shakhshul, charbdor, mutadil meshavad) va hangomi nigohubin inro ba nazar girad. Har ruz (khususan badi kore, ki pustro iflos mekunad, dar asnoi seraraqi) dush qabul kardan muvofiqi maqsad ast; haror. ob boyad to 37 – 380S boshad. Agar khona dush nadoshta boshad, pas joyhoi kushodai badan, zeri kash va sanduqi sinaro bo obi garmu sobun shusta, tagpushi toza pushidan lozim ast. Har hafta dar vanna yo hammom bo sobunu dastmol shustushuy va libosi tagro hatman ivaz boyad namud. Hangomi shustushuy (khususan bo dastmol) pust mash shuda, gardishi khun behtar megardad, shakhs khudro nagz his mekunad. Badi shustushuy ba chinhoi pust molidani yagon khel losyon mufid ast. Har shab (khususan tobiston) poyro bo sobun shustan lozim. Hangomi pukhtani pusti bayni angushton ba dukhtur murojiat boyad kard. Illati pusti poy ba paydoishi bemorihoi zanburugii pust musoidat menamoyad.
Muyro bo obi narm shustan behtar; agar ob durusht boshad, ba on tanakor yo sodai khurdani (ba 5 – 6 l ob 1 – 2 qoshuqcha) hamroh mekunand. Baroi mui charbnok yo shakhshul nigohubini makhsus tavsiya meshavad (nig. Muy). Nigohubini dahon nafaqat dandonhoro emin medorad, balki bemorihoi uzvhoi daruniro niz peshgiri mekunad. Dandonro har pagoh bo shyotka va khamirahoi makhsus toza karda, dahonro badi istemoli khurok chayqoned; hangomi badbuii dahon ba dukhtur murojiat boyad kard. Baroi oshkor namudani kariesi dandon, dur kardani sangi dandon va dig. illathoi dahon sole du marotiba ba dukhturi stomatolog murojiat kardan lozim.
G. sh. nigohubini uzvhoi tanosulro niz darbar megirad. CHunin tadbiri makhsusi behdoshtiro az ruzhoi avvali tavalludi kudak sar mekunand.
Toza budani libosi tag, libosi kori, har ruz ivaz kardani jurob (khususan dar asnoi seraraqi) az jumlai talaboti muhimi G. sh. meboshad. Nafaqat badan va sarulibos, balki khonai zist, oshkhona va korgoh niz boyad toza boshad.
Har yak azoi oila boyad bistaru sachoqi alohida doshta boshad. Badi hammom joypush va jildi bolisht, pesh az khob libosi tagro ba libosi shabpushak ivaz kardan lozim ast.
Hamai in tadbirhoi behdosht, alalkhusus dar asnoi bemorii yagon azoi oila, ahamiyati kalon dorand. Zero rioya nakardani onho ba salomati va qobiliyati korii atrofiyon, khususan kudakon (nig. Nigohubini bemor) tasiri noguvor merasonad.
Qoidahoi G. sh. baroi hama umumi buda, sinnu sol va khususiyathoi anatomiyu fiziologii organizmro ba nazar megirand.
Baroi durust sabzidani organizmi kudak tasiri chunin omilhoi muqavvi, monandi havo, oftob (nig. Vannahoi havoi va oftobi), prosedurahoi obi, mashqhoi jismoni bozihoi serharakat va gizoi khushsifat ahamiyati kalon dorand. Kudakonro az had ziyod khurondan lozim nest. CHunki in boisi farbehi va ikhtiloli kori gadudho, az jumla faoliyati tukhmdon va davrai hayzi dukhtaroni qadras khohad shud. Qoidahoi asosii nigohubini pisarbachayu dukhtarchahoi shirmak va sinni kudakiston umumist.
Uzvhoi tanosuli dukhtarcha boyad doimo toza boshand. CHunki onho bisyor nozuk buda, zud zakhmdor meshavand, ba tasiri siroyat hassosand. Dar surati ba dukhtarcha durust nigohubin nakardan, vulvit inkishof meyobad. Badi peshob kardan va qazoi hojat uzvhoi jinsii kudakro bo obi garmu pakhta meshuyand, sipas bo parpech khushk mekunand. Hangomi shalhidani pust ba on ravgani rastani yo dorui khoka memoland. Har ruz dar vaqti muayyan qazoi hojat va peshob kardanro ba kudak az khurdsoli omuzondan lozim ast. Zero pur budani rudai rost va peshobdon ba kori in uzvho tasiri bad rasonda, boisi nodurust joy giriftani bachadoni dukhtarchaho megardad. Ba kudakon mustaqilona shustani uzvhoi tanosulro az 5 – 6-solagi yod medihand. Har ruz bo ehtiyot shustani uzvhoi tanosul hissi jinsii kudakro bedor namesozad. Baraks, pur budani ruda va shoshadon angezish va khorishi uzvhoi jinsiro ba vujud meorand. Trusii kudak naboyad tang boshad.
Dukhtarchaho boyad zimistonu tobiston trusii muvofiq (ba tanash chaspida istad va dar ayni hol tang naboshad) pushand, to ki shamol nakashand va mahbal iflos nashavad; ezoru trusi har ruz boyad ivaz karda shavad. Dukhtarchahoi khurdsol ham tarashshuhi mahbal dorand, ki dar on bakteriyaho afzoish namuda, bemorii vulvovaginitro ba vujud meorand. Bemorihoi siroyati (surkhcha, makhmalak, khunoq va g.) niz sababi amrozi uzvhoi tanosul megardand. Az in ru, hangomi bemorihoi siroyati ba holati uzvhoi tanosul diqqati makhsus dodan lozim ast. Dar asnoi paydoishi alomathoi gazak modar boyad kudakro ba dukhtur nishon dihad. Dar sinni maktabi sayru gashti kudakon dar havoi toza, varzishi jismonii muntazam, tahsilu istirohati murattab, rioyai nizomi khob khele muhim ast. Kori vaznini jismoni, dar maktab muddati daroz pasi parta va dar khona pasi miz nishasta dars tayyor kardan, boisi qajshavii sutunmuhra va ikhtiloli shakli ustukhonhoi kos megardand. Muallimon va volidon boyad sabzishi qadu qomati kudakro nazorat kunand. Parta va stol boyad ba qadi kudak muvofiq buda, durust ravshan shavand. Kudakro az durbini va nazdikbini ehtiyot kardan lozim ast. Dar davrai balogati jinsi, vaqte ki dar silsilai asab va gadudhoi endokrini tagyirot ba amal omada unsurhoi mutobiqati organizm nihoyat faoland, muntazam bo varzish mashgul shudan va obutob dodani badan khele mufid ast.
Gigienai bonuvon. Dukhtar boyad to sinni navrasi oid ba qoidahoi umumii G. sh. tasavvuroti purra doshta boshad, ba khud nigohubin karda tavonad. Modar, kormandoni tibbii maktab yo muallima boyad ba dukhtar oid ba khususiyathoi anatomiyu fiziologii organizmi zan malumot doda, fahmonand, ki hayz hodisai tabii buda, minbad muntazam takror meshavad. Agar dukhtar az in bekhabar boshad, pas yakbora paydo shudani khun metavonad ba u zarbai ruhi rasonad, davrai hayz khalal yobad. Hangomi dar davrai hayz bisyor raftani khun, dukhtarcharo hatman ba dukhturi ginekolog nishon dodan lozim ast.
Dar vaqti hayz binobar bequvvat shudani organizm tasiri mikrobhoi siroyati ba uzvhoi tanosul meafzoyad. Az in ru, dar ruzhoi hayz az pai tozagii sarulibos va badan shudan khele muhim ast. Ba dukhtaron qoidahoero, ki dar vaqti hayz rioya kardani onho shart ast, boyad omuzond. Dar asnoi mutadil jarayon giriftani hayz tarzi zistu zindagi naboyad tagyir yobad. Metavon bo varzishi jismoni mashgul shud, ammo jahish, ijroi mashqhoi vaznin, velosipedroni, shinovari, ishtirok dar musobiqaho mumkin nest. Tan, khususan poy va qismi poyoni shikamro az khunuki ehtiyot kardan lozim. SHustani badan dar zeri dush behtar ast. Qabuli vanna ham mumkin, ammo ob boyad mutadil boshad. Ruze du marotiba avval dast va bad uzvhoi tanosulro bo obi garmu sobun meshuyand (avval azoi tanosul, sipas ronu maqad). Bevosita dar tagora shustani uzvhoi tanosul noravost.
Hangomi hayz az tahgirakhoi makhsusi gigieni istifoda mebarand. Tahgirakro dar yak shaboruz chand marotiba ivaz mekunand, to ki khuni dar on shakhshuda chatanro zakhmdor nakunad. Gayr az in, chand trusii makhsusi pakhtagin yo trikotaji doshtan lozim; trusihoro badi shustan, darzmol boyad kard. Dar sinni navrasi ba masalai tarbiyai jinsii dukhtaron diqqat doda, ba onho mafhumi «sharafu nomusi dukhtari», «shanu etibori zan»-ro fahmondan zarur ast.
Gigienai zanho niz hamin qoidahoro darbar megirad. Dukhtaron dar borai hayoti jinsi boyad chunin tavsiyahoi behdoshtiro donand: CHunonchi, badi aloqai jinsii avvalin muddati 2 – 3 ruz az mujomaat khuddori kardan lozim ast (to ki pardai kafidai baqorat gazak nagirad); dar ruzhoi hayz ba aloqai jinsi naboyad roh dod, zero mikrobho ba rohi tanosul aftoda, khunravi purshiddat shavad; dar davrai hayz gasli mahbal man ast; mujomaat boyad dar muddati 2 – 3 mohi avvali homilagi mahdud va 2 mohi okhiri pesh az tavallud komilan qat gardad; aloqai jinsi dar muddati 6 – 8 haftai badi tavallud niz man ast. Agar zan bo yagon sabab kudakdor shudan nakhohad, pas oid ba tadbirhoi peshgirii haml boyad az dukhtur maslihat pursad (dar in surat bo isqot hojat namemonad).
Dar davrai klimaks gayr az tadbirhoi umui va nigohubini uzvhoi tanosul, har ruz bo sachoqi tar pok kardani badan, varzishi jismoni, sayrugasht dar havoi toza, gizoi khushsifat tavsiya meshavad. Bonuvoni az hayz mondaro lozim ast, ki sole du marotiba, khususan hangomi paydo shudani tarashshuhi uzvhoi tanosul, ba dukhturi ginekolog murojiat kunand.
Gigienai mard. Dar sinni navrasi pisarbachaho boyad malakahoi G. sh.-ro hosil kunand, badan, muy va sarulibos toza boshad. Kalonsolon boyad navrasonro az khususi ikhroji beikhtiyori mani (odatan hangomi khob ruy medihad) ogoh sozand, ba onho fahmonand, ki ehtilom dar ayyomi balogati jinsi hodisai tabiist.
Maqsadi asosi az tarbiyai jinsi on ast, ki navras hissiyotro idora karda tavonad, ba hayoti jinsi nafaqat az jihati manavi, balki az nuqtai nazari behdosht ham omoda boshad. Navrasro az aloqai jinsii tasodufi bozdoshtan va oqibati badi onro fahmondan khele muhim ast.
Har mard va pisarbacha boyad uzvhoi tanosulro toza nigoh dorad. Badi ehtilom yo mujomaat, azoi jinsiro bo obi garm shustan lozim. Mardho boyad donand, ki mujomaat dar davrai hayz nafaqat uzvhoi jinsii zanro illatnok mekunad, balki boisi gazaki peshobrohai mard (dar natijai roh yoftani lakhtai khun) niz meshavad.
Rioyai qoidahoi G. sh. ba pironsolon ham zarur ast. Tadbirhoi umumi, gizoi murattab (az rui sinnu sol), istirohat va varzishi jismoni nerui muhofizati organizmi pironsolonro ba kor andokhta, muqobilati organizmro ba bemoriho afzun megardonad. Doimo az dukhtur maslihat pursidan lozim, zero kori jismoni va khurdu khurok boyad bo sinnu sol va vazi salomati muvofiq boshad.
Ad.: Boboev A., Behdosht, D., 1995; Hamon muallif, Ozdorovlenie usloviy truda stroiteley krupnikh gidroelektrostansiy, D., 1982; Hamon muallif, Obshaya gigiena, D., 2008.

A.B. Boboev.