GEPATITI VIRUSi

GEPATITI VIRUSi (Hepatitis epidemica; N. viralis), zafarmai siroyati, bemorii Botkin, bemorii siroyatiest, ki az on beshtar jigar illat meyobad. Angezandai G. v. ba tasiri muhit bagoyat ustuvor ast. Bino ba malumoti solhoi okhir 7 navi G. v. vujud dorand: A, B, S, D, E, G va F.
Gepatiti A (bemorii Botkin) nisbat ba dig. shaklhoi on beshtar vomekhurad. Angezandai onro s. 1937 olim S. Feystoun kashf kardaast. Hangomi jushondan dar muddati 5 daq. mahv meshavad. Dar sitoplazmai hujayrahoi jigar joy megirad. Manbai siroyati gepatiti A. odami bemor ast. Virusho ba vositai pasafkand khorij meshavand. Omili asosii siroyat az onho ob, khurok, ashyoi ruzgor, goho khun va aloqai jinsi ast. Virusi bemori az hamrohak nameguzarad, binobar in ba tifli batn khavf nadorad. Gepatiti A bemorii mavsimi buda, dar Tojikiston faslhoi tobiston va tiramoh avj megirad. Asosan kudakoni az 1-sola bolo va javonon bemor meshavand.
Gepatiti V (gepatiti zardobi) dar bayni dig. shaklhoi gepatitho 10 – 30 fisadro tashkil medihad. Malumoti avvalin oid ba angezandai on s. 1965 ba dast omadaast. Virusi gepatiti V na kislotai ribonukleat (RNK), balki kislotai dezoksiribonukleat (DNK) dorad. Ba tasiri muhit ustuvor ast. Dar haror. 120°S badi 45 daq., dar 180°S badi 60 daq. va dar haror. 60°S badi 10 soat mahv meshavad. Manbai siroyat homiloni virus meboshand (onho dar Tojikiston 10%-ro tashkil medihand). Angezandai bemori tavassuti khun meguzarad. Taqr. 50 fisadi bemoron dar muassisahoi tabobati siroyat meyoband. Bemori khususan dar bayni kormandoni tib va nashamandon pahn shudaast. Bo rohi aloqai jinsi niz intiqol meyobad. Az modar ba tifli batn meguzarad.
Gepatiti S solhoi 70-umi a. 20 muqarrar karda shud. Dar jahon khele gustarish yoftaast. Hususan dar jumhurihoi Osiyoi Markazi beshtar duchor meoyad. Angezandai on ba flavovirusho shabohat dorad. Manbai siroyat bemoron meboshand. Angezandai marizi ba vositai khun intiqol meyobad. Binobir in imkon dorad, ki nashamandon, hamchunin marizoni gemofiliya, patsientoni markazhoi gemodializ, kormandoni tib va ashkhosi bejogard bemor shavand (onhoro guruhi khavfpazir menomand).
Gepatiti D az s. 1977 malum ast. Avval angezanda, sipas alomathoi klinikii bemori tavsif shudand. Manbai siroyat bemoron meboshand. Intiqoli angezandai bemori misli gepatiti V ast. Gepatiti D dar bayni nashamandon va bemoroni gemofiliya beshtar duchor meoyad. Az modar ba tifli batn ham guzashtanash mumkin.
Gepatiti E-ro gepatiti na A va na V niz menomand. Dar Hinduston, Birma, Aljazoir va Osiyoi Markazi khurujhoi obii on ba mushohida rasida budand. Mas., dar vil. ushi Jumhurii Qirgiziston gepatiti E dar bayni dig. shaklhoi gepatit 72,7%-ro tashkil mekard. Dar Dushanbe dar davrai bayni epidemiyaho taqriban 10,8% holathoi giriftori ba G. v. ba gepatiti E rost omadaast. Manbai siroyat bemor va homiloni virus meboshand. Angezandai marizi beshtar ba vositai ob meguzarad.
Gepatithoi F va G alhol purra tahqiq nashudaand. Beshtar dar mamoliki Afrika ba mushohida merasand.
Virus dar organizmi odam 3 – 6 hafta, bazan to 1 sol maskun boshad ham, yagon alomati G. v. zohir namegardad (davrai nihoni). Bemadori va khastagi avvalin alomathoi bemoriand. G. v. aksaran beishtihoi, talkhii dahon, orug, zardajushi, dilbehuzuri, qay va dardi shikamro ba vujud meorad; bemor darunrav meshavad. Bazan sulfa, zukom, dardi sar, dardi mushakhoyu bandu bugum niz az G. v. darak medihand. Harorati badan baland (bazan to 39 – 400S), rangi peshob tira va ba pivo yo choy monand meshavad. Pasafkand khokistarrang megardad. Minbad pust va safedii chashm rangi zardi surkhtob paydo mekunad. Ajab nest, ki G. v. noayon, yane biduni zafarma, bo kame bad shudani avzoi umumi jarayon girad. In navi G. v. khatarnok buda, sarivaqt ba dukhtur murojiat nakardan va dar bemorkhona khob naraftan, boisi tul kashidani bemori, orizahoi vaznin va siroyat yoftani digaron khohad shud.
G. v.-ro faqat dar bemorkhona muolija mekunand. Bemor agar rejai bistari va tainoti dukhturro qati rioya kunad, bo tezi sihat meshavad.
Bemoroni G. v.-ro az sar guzaronida boyad ba salomati etibori jiddi dihand. Agar kasbu kor ba salomati zarar meovarda boshad, pas chunin odamonro muvaqqat (muhtalashro dukhtur muayyan mekunad) ba kori sabuk guzaronidan lozim; onho boyad 2 sol zeri nazorati dukhtur boshand. Homiloni virusro ba nazorati dispanseri megirand. Har shakhsi G. v.-ro az sar guzaronida boyad dar khotir doshta boshad, ki hangomi rioya nakardani reja va parhezi tainkardai dukhtur bemori orizahoi gunogun (to sirrozi jigar) ba bor meorad. Bemoron boyad khudro az khastagi, garmo va sarmo ehtiyot namoyand. Ishtirok kardan dar musobiqahoi sporti va bardoshtani bori vaznin (az 3 kg ziyod) to yak sol man ast. Badi az bemorkhona baromadan, 6 – 12 moh parhez kardan zarur meboshad. Zimni parhez istemoli nushokihoi spirtdor (az on jumla pivo), konservaho, khurokvorii dudkhurda, ochor, khuroki tundu tez, biryon va shokolad man ast. Istemoli khuroki shiriyu rastanigi, navhoi beravgani gusht va mohi tavsiya meshavad.
Baroi peshgirii G. v. bemorro hatman dar kasalkhona bistari namuda, joi zistashro dezinfeksiya kardan lozim. Parastoroni bemorro 45 ruz ba muoinai tibbi megirand. Bo maqsadi peshgirii G. v.-i kudakon ba onho gamma-globulin tazriq mekunand. Dukhturoni bungohhoi sanitariyu epidemiologi salomatii kormandoni muassisahoi khuroki umumi, tamini ob, donorho va shakhsoni bo korkardi khun aloqamandro nazorat mekunand. Asbobu anjomi tibbi bo diqqati tom tamyiz (sterilizatsiya) karda meshavad.
Ad.: Sorinson S.N., Virusnie gepatiti, M., 1998; SHuvalova E.P., Infeksionnie bolezni, M., 1999; Qamardinov H.K., Bemorihoi siroyati, D., 2000; Kamardinov H.K., Infeksionnie i parazitarnie bolezni, D., 2009.

O. H. Husaynov.