GARDAN

GARDAN (Cervix), qismi dar bayni sar va tan joygirshudai badan. Asosi G. qismi sutunmuhra – muhrai gardan meboshad. Mushakhoi G. yak qismi mushakhoi shaklan digarshudai badan mahsub meshavand. Dar G. ibtidoi uzvhoi nafas (hanjara, khirnoy), hozima (gulu, gadudhoi obi dahon, yak qismi surkhruda), raghoi khun va limfa, gadudi siparshakl va gadudhoi nazdsiparshakl, inchunin asabho joy giriftaand. Harommagz niz az muhrahoi G. ibtido meyobad.
Az nuqsi inkishofi G. beshtar kajgardani duchor meoyad. Kistai G. tashkilai girdashakl buda, diametri on 4 – 5 sm ast; dard namekunad. Nuqsi G.-ro, odatan, bo rohi jarrohi tabobat menamoyand.
Osebhoi pushidai G. dar natijai sadamahoi maishi, naqliyoti va varzishi, aftodan az balandi, ovekhtan ba dor va g. ba vujud meoyand. Dar in guna mavridho boftahoi narm lat khurda, tagoyakhoi hanjara va trakheya, ustukhonhoi zeri zabon, muhrahoi gardan meshikanand, dil mumkin az kor monad. Osebhoi kushodai G. bo nishonahoi illati raghoi kalon, hanjara, surkhruda, gadudi siparshakl, asabhoi jumjumayu magzi sar va g. padid meoyand.
Ba bemorihoi iltihobii G. limfadenit, flegmona, puchak, haftpust, saromos, ki bisyor vaqt ba sarsom (meningit) va ufunat (sepsis) mepechad, mansub meboshand. Limfadeniti fasodnok va flegmonai G. bisyor vaqt binobar mavjudiyati manbai siroyat dar dandonhoi pusida, hangomi angina, faringit, laringit, amrozi iltihobii gadudi obi dahon, pusti ru va sar, bemorihoi siroyatii kudakon, zakhmi surkhruda, khanjara, gulu va g. rukh menamoyand.
Illathoi G. bo doruhoi gunogun va amaliyoti jarrohi tabobat karda meshavand.
KL
Gardan (topografiya). A – qismi pesh (bo khati jigari judo karda shudaast); B – qismi sinayu chanbaru pistonakshakl (az pesh bo khati jigari, az pusht bo khati sabz ishora karda shudaast); V – qismi jonibii gardan (bo rangi sabz judo karda shudaast). Sekunjahoi gardan bo khati zard ishora gashtaand. 1 – sekunjai zeri jogi poyon; 2 – sekunjai Pirogov; 3 – sekunjai suboti; 4 – sekunjai shonayu khirnoy; 5 – sekunjai shonayu chanbar; 6 – sekunjai shonayu trapetsiyashakl; 7 – asbobi zeri zabon; 8 – arteriyai zabon; 9 – venai yugii daruni; 10 – arteriyai umumii suboti; 11 – mushaki sinayu chanbaru pistonakshakl; 12 – arteriya va venai zeri chanbarak; 13 – shikami poyonii mushaki shonayu zeri zabon; 14 – bofti gardan; 15 – asabi kaloni gush; 16 – asabi khurdi pasi gardan; 17 – asabi kundalangi gardan; 18 – bofti kitf.