EVGENIKA

EVGENIKA (az yun. eugenes – zoti khub, khushzot), talimot dar borai solimii irsii odam va rohhoi behtar namudani khosiyathoi irsii inson. Daryofti rohhoi faoli tasir bo tahavvuloti insoniyat (bo maqsadi takmili minbadai sirishti on) va peshgirii az nasl ba nasl guzashtani bemorihoi irsi niz masalahoi asosii omuzishi E. meboshand. Istilohi «E.»-ro s. 1869 biologi anglis F. Galton peshnihod namudaast. Qati nazar az on ki olimoni peshqadam dar nazdi E. vazifahoi bashardustona guzoshtand, baze najodparaston ba on aqidahoi millatgaroi vorid namuda, hadafi siyosii khud qaror dodand (mas., fashiston). Peromuni istilohi «E.» mubohisaho idoma dorand. Bisyor olimon jonibdori aqidae meboshand, ki E. boyad ba chunin ilmhoi ru ba inkishof, mas., genetikai odam (antropogenetika) va genetikai tibbi nisbat doda shavad. CHunin aqida mutlaqo durust ast. Zero genetikai odam va genetikai tibbi zimni omuzishi qonuniyathoi irsiyat va tagyirpaziri isbot namudand, ki gunogunii odamon ham ba omilhoi irsi va ham ba sharoiti zindagi (az jumla sharoiti iqlim va omilhoi iqtisodiyu ijtimoi) vobastagi dorand. Omuzishi inkishofi ruhii dugonikhoe, ki az yak tukhm ba vujud omadaand sobit namud, ki irsiyat tasiri nazarras doshta boshad ham, dar muqarrar sokhtani qobiliyati zehni va malakahoi odam omili yagona nest. Agar nishonahoi morfologii odamro irsiyat muayyan kunad, pas ba khususiyathoi ruhi va raftori u muhit, khosa muhiti ijtimoi, tasiri kalon merasonad (tarbiya, malumot, malakahoi kori, tasiri kollektiv va g.).
Nisbati imkoniyatho va usulhoi behtar kardani tabiati inson aqidaho mukhtalifand. Dar in joda genetikai tibbi metavonad sahmi nazarras doshta boshad. Vazifai on az omuzishi mutagenho va peshgirii mutatsiyai ziyonovar iborat ast, ki ba salomatii nasli oyanda tasiri noguvor merasonad. Ba tashakkuli chunin mutatsiyaho makhsusan nikohi bayni kheshovandoni nazdik musoidat mekunad.