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YORII AVVALIN

yorii-avvalinYORII AVVALIN, tadbirhoi odditarin va tajiliero guyand, ki baroi najot dodani hayoti odam va peshgirii oqibati noguvori falokat va bemorii nogahoni to omadani kormandi tib yo to ba muassisai tabobati burdan ba zarardida rasonda meshavand. YO. a.-e, ki khudi zarardida meguzaronad (agar on imkonpazir boshad), khudyorirasoni nom dorad, mas., guzoshtani bandina hangomi zakhm bardoshtan yo shustani meda bo rohi qay ovardan va g.
YO. a.-i tajili makhsusan hangomi rukh dodani holathoi baroi hayot khatarnok (igmo, khunravi, zahroludi, garq shudan, shok, osebi elektri va g.) zarur ast. Natijai minbadai yorii tibbi ba durust rasondani YO. a. vobastagi dorad. CHunonchi zud va durust bastani zakhm va jabira hangomi shikastani ustukhon aksar vaqt orizai khatarnok (shok, siroyat va g.)-ro peshgiri mekunad; baroi jilavgirii bugi gashtan va ba rohi nafas naaftodani moddai qay va khun bemori behushro ba pahlu mekhobonand.
YO. a. se guruhi tadbirhoro darbar megirad. 1) Favran qat kardani tasiri omili zararrason (jarayoni elektr, pakhsh kardani chizi vaznin) yo barovardani zarardida az sharoiti noguvor (az ob, binoi otashgirifta va g.). 2) Rasondani yori vobasta ba khususiyati oseb: bejo shudani ustukhon, shikasti ustukhon, zahroludi, behushi, zakhm, sukhtagi, sarmozani va g. 3) Darhol ba bemorkhona, darmongoh, punkti feldsheri, hatto ba dorukhonai nazdik murojiat namudan (kormandi in muassisaho metavonad yorii avvalini tibbi rasonad). Dar baze sohahoi sanoat (mas., jangalburi), ki odamon az muassisai tibbi dur meboshand, az bayni korgaron instruktori sanitari intikhob mekunand. u oid ba rasondani YO. a. tayyorii makhsusro meguzarad.
Dar surati nogahon bemor gashtan yo binobar falokathoi gunogun sakht oseb didan (mas., dar naqliyot, hangomi sukhtor va g.), favran davat namudani dukhturi yorii tajili zarur ast. Dar in holatho nafaqat dar joi falokat, balki hangomi ba muassisai tabobati burdani jabrdida niz vaziyati baroi hayot khatarnok metavonad rukh namoyad. Baroi raf sokhtani on faqat dukhturi yorii tajili, ki dar ikhtiyor moshini makhsus dorad, qodir ast. Dar mavridhoi zaruri az dig. namudi naqliyot niz metavon istifoda burd. Bo in maqsad, mas., ba kuzovi moshini borkash shokhahoi khushk yo khasbeda tunuk karda, ba on zanbar meguzorand yo bistar mepartoyand. Osebdidaro bo zanbar yo ba dast, stul va g. shinonda mebarand.
Baroi rasondani yorii durust takmili donishu malakaho zarur ast. Doruquttiho boyad hamesha dar holati darkori nigoh doshta shavand. Durust va sari vaqt rasondani YO. a. khatari falokatro kam mekunad. Ba murabbihoi makotibi varzishii kudakon omuzondani YO. a. ahamiyati kalon doshta, ba oseb bardoshtani bachagon roh namedihad; ba ronandagon va kormandoni BDA talim dodani on boshad, natijai tabobati osebi naqliyotiro behtar megardonad.
Hamesha omoda budan ba yorii hamdigari khislati odami solimaql ast. Boyad dar khotir dosht, ki YO. a.-i nouhdabaroyona aksar vaqt natijai dilkhoh ba bor nameorad.
Jabrdida niz metavonad ba khud YO. a. rasonad, mas., hangomi khuruji ziqi dil ba zeri zabon validol yo nitroglitserin partoyad, dar mavridi zahroludii sabuk medaro shuyad (qarib 1 l ob nushida, soni angushtro ba halq andokhta, qay kunad; nig. Zahroludi, Zahroludi az khurok), joi zakhmdorro shuyad va ba on doru molad va g.
Hangomi ruy dodani yagon falokat, zakhm bardoshtan, khunravi, az hush raftan va g. yorii shakhsi digar hatmist. Dar chunin mavridho avvalan tasiri omili zararnokro bartaraf kardan lozim ast, mas., ba soya burdani shakhsi oftobzada, ba havoi toza barovardani odame, ki az gazi gubori angisht zahrolud gashtaast, najot dodani kasi garqshuda (nig. Garq shudan), az manbai jarayon judo kardani odame, ki uro barq zadaast, khomush kardani otashi libosi shakhsi sukhtaistoda va g. Natijai kumaki minbadai tibbi, muolija va bazan hayoti zarardida ba chi guna ijro shudani in vazifaho vobasta ast. Hususiyati bemori yo oseb va holati bemor (zarardida)-ro ba nazar girifta, sipas vositayu tadbirhoi yorii avvalinro muayyan boyad kard. Hunravii shakhsi zakhmdorro bozdoshtan vazifai avvalin ast. Bo in maqsad zakhmro mebandand yo raghoro bo angusht sakht zer mekunand (bolotari jarohatro toftabandi kardan niz mumkin). Sipas zarardidaro ba muassisai tibbii nazdiktarin boyad burd.
Hangomi baromadan va shikastani ustukhon, yozidan va kandani payho avval ba uzvi osebdida takhtacha, pustlokhi darakht, karton guzoshta, bo chizhoi dastras (mas., tasma, ruymol, doka, porai mato) mebandand. Soni zarardidaro baroi tadqiqi rentgenologi va rasondani yorii tibbi ba dukhturkhona mebarand. Dar vaqti sarmo zadan va az moddahoi khimiyavi sukhtan, pesh az bastani joi zarardida, pustro bo peroksidi gidrogen yo obi jushida meshuyand; hangomi az chizhoi tasfon sukhtan, joi sukhtaro bo lattai dar spirt (araq) tarkarda bastan lozim ast. Dar vaqti ba chashm yagon chiz aftodan yo lat khurdan bo ruymolcha va dasti iflos molidani on joiz nest.
Bemori nogahon az hush raftaro ba pahlu yo pusht khobonda, sarashro yaktarafa mekunand (to ki vaqti qay rohi nafas rust nashavad), liboshoyashro mekashand (dar yo tirezaro boyad kushod, ki havoi toza daroyad). Dar mavridi bemorihoi shadidi uzvhoi javfi shikam (az on shikam sakht dard mekunad), bemorro orom va ba shikamash yagon chizi khunuk guzoshtan lozim; ba u dodani doruhoi mushil yo medaashro shustan man ast.
Dar khona, moshin yo kulvori sayyohi mavjud budani doruqutti (on boyad baroi har bemori doru doshta boshad) ahamiyati kalon dorad.
Bo maqsadi rasondani YO. a. ijroi baze tadbirhoi odditarin muhim ast. Malum ast, ki badi favti odam uzvu boftaho na yakbora, balki tadrijan memirand. Az in ru baze vazifahoi on (az jumla gardishi khun va nafaskashi)-ro barqaror kardan imkonpazir ast. Organizmro, odatan, badi qati nafaskashi va gardishi khun, yane pas az 4 – 6 daqiqai margi kliniki metavon zinda kard. Pas az margi kliniki margi biologi faro merasad. Badi on purra barqaror kardani hayot, az jumla faoliyati ruhi, nomumkin ast (gayri shakhsoni sarmozada yo dar obi khunuk garqshuda). Zarbu lat, zahroludi, sarmoyu garmo zadan, garq gashtan, varami gulu, ba rohi nafas aftodani jismi begona, qat shudani nafas (dar natijai zadani jarayoni elektr), marizihoi nogahoni (saktai dil, ikhtiloli khungardishi mayna va g.) metavonand boisi margi kliniki shavand. Hangomi qat gashtani nafas va faoliyati dil namudi zohiri, tarzi joygirshavii sar, dastu poy, badan tagyir meyoband (in holat ba odami khobida hej monandi nadorad); qafasi sina beharakat shuda, rangi ruy va gardan meparad; gavharak vase shuda, nabz namezanad; gushro ba sari dil monem ham, tappishi on noshunavost. Dar in holat az pai aniq kardani bemori nashuda, yorii tajili rasondan lozim.
Baroi barqaror kardani nafasgiri avval liboshoi tang (galstuk, tasma, kurtai tag va g.)-ro kashida, girebonro kushodan lozim ast. Agar dar dahoni zarardida yagon moneai nafasgiri (luob, luqmai khurok, lakhtai khun, dandoni suni va g.) boshad, bo angusht boyad berun kard.
To solhoi nazdik nafasdihii sunie (usuli Silvestr va dig.), ki bo rohi harakat dodani mushakhoi dast, chanbari kitf va qafasi sina (mushakhoi nafasgiri) amali megasht, mamul bud. Vale bo in tarzi nafasdihi ba shush hamagi 300 sm3 havo medaroyad, holo on ki baroi zinda gardondani organizm 800 sm3 havo lozim ast (odami solim oromona 600 – 700 sm3 havo nafas megirad). Binobar in (agar asbobhoi tibbi naboshand) bo usuli «dahon ba dahon» yo «dahon ba bini» nafasi suni medihand. Havoe, ki bo in usul ba rohi nafas meravad, baroi zinda gardondani organizm kifoya ast (zero 16% oksigen dorad).
Sari zarardidaro hattalimkon ba aqib kham kardan lozim (bo in maqsad ba zeri kitf bolin yo libosashro tah karda meguzorand), to ki havoi mefiristoda ba meda naravad. Madadgor az yak pahlui zarardida istoda, bo yak dast binii uro medorad va bo dasti digar manahro zer karda, dahonashro mekushoyad; sipas nafasi chuqur girifta, dahonashro az boloi doka ba dahoni zarardida meguzorad va sakht puf mekunad; bad rost shuda, nafasbarorii zarardidaro (bisyor sust ast) intizor meshavad (hangomi az bini nafas dodan, dahoni zarardidaro bo kafi dast rust kardan lozim ast). Dar 1 daq. 12 – 15 marotiba boyad nafas dod. Dar avval havoi har «puf»-i madadgor zud ba shushi zarardida meravad, vale badtar (chun shush pur meshavad) havo mushkil va kam vorid megardad. Agar nafasi suni asar kunad, qafasi sinai zarardida vase shudan megirad.
Dar surati az tappish mondani dil qafasi sinaro mash kardan lozim. Az nafasi suni khun oksigennok shuda, az mash kardan dil ba kor medaroyad va oksigenro ba uzvhoi muhimi inson mebarad. Dar natijai mash kori dil va nafaskashi metavonad barqaror shavad.
Dilro chunin mash mekunand: bo kafi dast sari dili zarardidaro sakht-sakht zer kardan lozim; az fishorkhurii sari dil khun ba shohrag va sharayonhoi shush jori meshavad. To dafai duyum fishor dodan, dil boz hajmi avvalaashro girifta, bo khun pur meshavad. Badi zer kardani sanduqi sina khunro boz ba shohrag va sharayonhoi shush ravon mekunad. Hamin tavr, dilro ba tavri suni ba harakat medarorand.
Zarardidaro ba yagon joi sakht (farsh, zamin va g.) khobondan lozim. Az yakbora va vaznro partofta zer kardan, sanduqi dil (yak dastro rui dasti digar mondan lozim) chand santimetr fishor meyobad va dar natija dil dar bayni sanduqi sina va sutunmuhra taziq mekhurad. Agar zarardida ba zamin daroz kashida boshad, az pahlu sari zonu istoda, sanduqi dilro fishor medihand (dar rui kat boshad, boloi kursie baromadan lozim). Dar 1 daq. boyad 50 – 60 marotiba sanduqi dilro fishor dod.
Fishor dodani sanduqi dil va badi har 4 – 5 son. 1 marotiba nafasi suni dodan (az dahon puf kardan), bisyor vaqt natijai khub medihad (gavharaki chashm khurd shuda, sharayoni khob ba tappish medaroyad, kabudii pust kam meshavad). In amaliyotro to mustaqilona nafas giriftani zarardida va zadani nabz boyad davom dod. In kor quvvai ziyodi jismoni va ruhi metalabad, binobar in 3 naf. mashgul shavand, behtar ast. YAkbora ham az dahon puf kardanu ham fishor dodani sanduqi dil joiz nest, zero shush mekafad.
Azbaski ustukhoni pironsolon nisbatan murd meboshad, baroi nashikastani qaburgaho sanduqi dilro boyad boehtiyot zer kard.
Ba harakat darovardani khun va dodani nafasi suni boisi mustaqil nafas giriftanu kor kardani dil nashavand ham, to omadani dukhtur holati bemorro behtar megardonand.

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