Ahamiyati parrandaho va muhofizati onho

95 foizi parrandagon foidaovar buda, tanho 5 foizi onho ba inson zararovarand. Az in jihat parrandaho ham yak manbai boigarii tabiii Vatanamon ba shumor rafta dar zeri nazoratu muhofizat meboshand.

Parrandagoni hasharotkhur hasharoti zararrason va tukhmu kirminai onhoro nobud karda, ba khosilnokii rastaniho yori merasonasd. Misol. Ezorsurkhak, soch, fotimachumjuq, magaskhurak, bulbul, sikhdum, faroshturuk, sangobdavak yordamchiyoni mo meboshand. YAk nasli jujahoi soch dar du khafta qarib 8 hazor gambuski savry va kirmchahoi onro, ki ba reshai niholu darakhton zarar merasonand, nobud mekunand. SHurnul dar yak ruz to 500 kirmchai qunguzi siyohi zararnokro mekhurad. Umuman dar Tojikiston parrandahon foidaovar bisyorand. az jumla laklaki siyoh ba «Kitobi surkh»-i Tojikiston dokhil karda shudaast.

YAk oilai fotimachumchuq dar yak ruz ziyoda az 350 kirmcha, gambusk va tukumshullukkhoro nobud mekunad. Kuku dar yak soat to 100 kirmaki muyakdor (murro), ki parrandagoni digar az khurdanash khazar mekunand, nobud mekunad. Ezorsurkhak boshad, dar yak shabonaruz ba chujakhoyash to 300 marotiba khurok meorad, ki on hasharot ast. Parrandagoni tezchangoli ruzona (uqob) va shabgard (jugz) bisyor khoyandahoi mayda. zararrasonhoi kishtzorro mekhurand. Masalan, yak jugz dar yak shab to 22 mushro doshta mekhurad. CHarkh nom parranda sole 1000-1200 mushhoro nobud mekunad. Baroi khamin ham shikori parrandahoi tezchangol dar davrai Ittihodi SHuravi man karda shuda bud.

Az parrandagoni yoboi (misol az lonai gaga) paru pati muloim megirand. Parrandaho gayr az in boz ahamiyati zeboi ham dorand. Az in ru, har yak shahrvand boyad gamkhoru dustdori parrandagoni tabiati khud boshad. Kalonsolon naguzorand, ki bachaho lonai parrandahoro vayron karda, tukhmashonro shikanand, kamongulaku sanzani kunand, onhoro shikor namoyand. Baraks, baroi onho lona sozand, khurok tayyor namuda, dar vaqtkhoi zaruri (zimistoni qahratun) ba donkhurakhoi onho rezand.

Parrandaparvari sohai khele foidanoki khojagii kishovarzi meboshad. Az jumla murg nisbat ba digar hayvonoti khonagi tez ba voya rasida. ba miqdori ziyod tukhmu gusht medihad.

Murgiarvary sohai kadimai khojagidori ba shumor meravad. Murghoi khonagi az murghoi vahshii buttagardi Birma, Hitoy, Hinduston 5 hazor sol pesh paydo shudaand. Onho lonaashonro dar ruyi zamin sokhta, tukhm guzoshta. pakhsh mekunand. CHuchahoi az tukhm baromada, mustaqilona khurokro nul zada mekhurand.

Az on dam to hol seleksionerho tabiatan murghoro tagyir doda, zothoi navi ba sharoit, muvofiqu sertukhm va sergushtro ba vujud ovardand. Vazni murgoni vakhshii buttagard 600-700 gr buda, dar yak sol 15-20 tukhm memond, murghoi khonagi boshand, 2-5 kg vazn doshta, to 320 dona tukhm medikhand (ba rasmi 38 nigared).

Murgi marjon gushti safedi laziz dorad. Hajmash kalon, poyhoyash baquvvat meboshad. Bolhoi kutoh, saru gardani bepar, obilai gushtii boloi nul dorad. Ajdodi avvalai onho dar Amerikai Janubi buda, bad az kashfi kitai Amerika bori avval ba Avrupo ovardand. CHujahoi on ba khunukiyu rutubat toqat

nadorand. Dar ayii hol zoti kavkazii murgi marjon beshtar dar khojagihoi shakhsii Darvoz parvarish meyoband, ki to 12 kg gusht medihand.

Dar Huchand, nohiyai ba nomi Jabbor Rasulov, Fayzobod, Vahdat, SHahrinav, Hisor, CHiptura. Kofarnihon, va dar dahho shahru nohiyahoi Tojikiston 10-12 sol peshtar fabrikahoi parrandaparvarii mekhanikonidashuda budand, ki aholiro bo tukhmu gushti parranda tamin mekardand.

Murgobi ba khochagi fondai kalon ovarda, az on gusht, tukhm, paru pat megiranl. Murgobi parrandai obboz ast. Binobar in vayro dar havzkhoi makhsus parvarish mekunand. Vay rastanihoi oby va kirmaki hasharogi obiro khurda, tez kalon meshavad va dar sinni 2-mohagiash 2 kg vazn dorad. Murgobii khonagi instinkti (olati) parvozro gum kardaast.

Murgi kurk to 20 dona tukhmro pakhsh karda, chucha mebarorad. Dar inkubatorkho boshad, hazorkho dona tukhm dar zeri tasirn harorati +37.50 garmi dar muddati 21 ruz chuja mebarorand.

Dar Tojikiston fermahoi makhsusi bedonaparvari niz mavjud budand.

Savol va suporishho:

1. Dar daftaraton parrandahoi Tojikistonro ba naqsha darored.
2. Oid ba ahamiyatu zarari parrandaho va mukhofizati onho misolho ovared.
3. Oid ba taraqqiyoti parrandaparvari — qoz, murg, murgi marjon, murgobi, broyler va digar parrandaho misol ored.
4. Dar borai parrandahoi mavsimi va muqimii Tojikistom chihoro medoned?