ASOSHOI DAVLAT VA HUQUQI JUMHURII TOJIKISTON

Kitobi elektronii ASOSHOI DAVLAT VA HUQUQI JUMHURII TOJIKISTON baroi sinfi 6

BBK – 67.3 YA72+74,263,8 M-48

Mahmudov M.A., Rahimov M.Z. Asoshoi davlat va huquqi Jumhurii  Tojikiston. Kitobi darsi baroi khonandagoni sinfi 8-umi maktabhoi  Tahsiloti umumi. «Maorif va farhang»,

Dushanbe, – 2006, 200 sah.

Muallifon:

Mahmudov M.A. – doktori ilmhoi huquq, professor, uzvi vobastai AI JT, mavzuhoi 6,7,8,9,10,11 Rahimov M.Z. – doktori ilmhoi huquq, professor, mavzuhoi 1,2,3,4,5,12

Kitobi darsi masalahoi umumii nazariyai davlat va huquqro dar bar girifta, ba khonanda doir ba paydoishi davlat va shaklhoi tarikhii on, nishonahoi davlati huquqbunyod, sarchashmahoi huquq,huquq va akhloq, sokht va ruknhoi davlatdorii Tojikiston, masalahoi intikhobot va faoliyati Prezident, inchunin chigunagii faoliyati shokhahoi hokimiyati davlati – Hukumat, Majlisi Oli, sudho va hokimiyati mahalli dar Jumhurii Tojikiston malumot medihad.

Muqaddima 

Jumhurii Tojikiston badi posh khurdani davlati abarqudrati SHuravi bunyod shud va hamchun davlati sohibistiqlol soli 1992 uzvi Sozmoni Milali Muttahid gashta, bo hamin ba jomeai mutamaddini

jahoni ba sifati subekti mustaqili huquqi baynalkhalqi payvast gardid.

Ammo faromush naboyad kard, ki in davlati tozabunyod dar joi kholi ba vujud naomada, balki tarikhi besh az duyunimhazorsola dorad. Hanuz dar zamoni saltanati Hakhomanishiho nakhustin Elomiyai huquqi inson az jonibi Kurushi Kabir qabul shuda bud, ki muhimtarin masalahoi vobasta ba munosibathoi huquqi va arzishhoi insoniro dar bar megirift.

Moli kasero zuran nagiriftan, kasero gulom nakardan, muvofiqi kor muzd giriftan va monandi inho nishonahoi avvalini huquqi inson yo khud meyorhoi huquqie budand, ki jomea tavassuti onho idora meshud.

Okhirin davlati mutamarkazi tojikon – Somo-niyon sokhti davlatdorii baroi hamon zamona khele peshrafta dosht. Lekin dar natijai mukholifathoi dokhili va tahti tasiri yak qator omilhoi digar shikast khurd. Millati tojik badi hazor soli be- davlati ba sharofati istiqloliyat dubora sohibi davlat va arkoni davlatdori gardid. Holo Tojikiston dar sharoiti tamoman navi tarikhi va siyosivu ijtimoi qaror dorad. Davlati mo tavonist, ki dar yak muddati kutoh az buhroni nihoyat shadidi siyosi – ziddiyatu nizoi dokhili va mushkiloti vaznini iqtisodi baroyad va imruz ba yak davlate tabdil yobad, ki dar on nizomi huquqii khele mutaraqqi va muosir amal mekunad.

Voqean, dar tashakkuli davlatdorii navini mo omili huquq naqshi halkunanda bozid. Soli 1994 nakhustin Konstitutsiyai Tojikistoni sohibistiqlol qabul gardid va bo hamin tahkursii huquqii davlati

demokrati, huquqbunyod, dunyavi va yagonai ijtimoi guzoshta shud. Bo darnazardoshti talaboti ruzafzuni hayot va bo maqsadi tezonidani jarayoni demokratikunonii jomea, inchunin ba taqozoi meyorhoi huquqi peshraftai jahon ba Konstitutsiya du marotiba – solhoi 1999 va 2003 tagyiru ilovaho vorid karda shudand va holo Konstitutsiyai Tojikiston yake az sarqonunhoi demokratitarini jomeai jahonist.

Badi tasis yoftani parlamenti dupalatagi – Majlisi milli va Majlisi namoyandagon – qonunhoi ziyode qabul shudaand, ki onho amalan hamai sohahoi hayoti jomeai moro tanzim mekunand. Ziyoda az in, Jumhurii Tojikiston dar Konstitutsiyai khud uhdador shudaast, ki meyorhoi az jonibi umum paziruftashudai huquqi baynalmilaliro etirof va ehtirom menamoyad, yane sanadhoi huquqii baynalmilali aknun qismi tarkibii nizomi qonunguzorii kishvari moro tashkil medihand.

Mulohizahoi boloi moro ba yak khulosa meorand, ki on khele muhim ast: omili asosii peshrafti na faqat davlati mo, balki tamomi kishvarhoi jahon – tashakkuli nizomi peshraftai huquqi va ustuvorii qonuniyat dar jomea meboshad. Hama guna munosibatho boyad dar asosi huquq tanzim karda shavand, hamai odamon tobei huquq boshand, qonun muqaddas donista shavad va bechunucharo rioya gardad. Prezidenti kishvar muhtaram E. SH. Rahmonov dar Payomi khud ba Majlisi Olii Jumhurii Tojikiston 20-umi apreli soli 2006 in nuktaro khele khub bayon kardaand: «Dar jomeai mutamaddini muosir qonun hamchun vositai tanzimkunandai hamai pahluhoi hayoti jomea naqsh va mavqei bebahs dorad, zero peshrafti jomea faqat bo rohi tanzimi qonuni va odilonai munosibathoi jamiyati imkonpazir ast».

Tojikiston tashkili davlati huquqbunyod va jomeai shahrvandiro maqsadi oyandai inkishofi khud qaror dodaast, ki dar ravandi tashakkuli chunin davlat va jomea huquq naqshi buzurg dorad. Mahz az in ru, azkhud kardani asoshoi huquq vazifai har yak shahrvand ast. Bazeho chunin aqida dorand, ki donishi huquqi tanho ba onhoe zarur ast, ki az rui kasb faoliyat mekunand, yane huquqshinosand. In

andesha komilan galat ast. Donistani huquq qarzi shahrvandii har yak shakhs, nishonai madaniyat va nerui aqlonii har yak shahrvand meboshad. Baraks, nadonistani huquq alomati ojizivu notavoni, befarqi nisbat ba taqdiri davlatu jomea va sarnavishti khudi odam ba hisob meravad.

Dar qismi 2 moddai 42-yumi Konstitutsiya behuda sabt nashudaast, ki «nadonistani qonun javobgariro istisno namekunad». In meyori konstitutsioni moro uhdador mesozad, ki qonunro donem va onro rioya namoem.

Honandai aziz! Kitobe, ki SHumo dar dast dored, muhimtarin masalaho va mafhumhoi ilmi asoshoi davlat va huquqro az paydoish to ba inkishofi imruzai davlat dar bar megirad. Ba tavri jiddi azkhud kardani mavzuhoi kitobi mazkur ba SHumo imkon medihad, ki donishu savodi huquqi va madaniyati shahrvandii khudro baland bardored va jahonbiniatonro vase gardoned. Borbardorii kitob (skachat besplatno) >>>>

Orzu dorem, ki SHumo oid ba davlat va huquqi kishvari khud ehtirom zohir namuda, har yak savol va mavzuro khub az khud mekuned va bahri mustahkam namudani davlati sohibistiqloli tojikon sahmi khudro meguzored.