Zilzila – Zaminjunbi dar Tojikiston

Ruy dodani zilzila ba hodisai joyivazkunii moddai qismi boloii mantiya va tarqishu zud joy ivaz kardani qabathoi qishri Zamin vobasta meboshad. Zilzilahoi halokatovar va kharobiovar asosan dar khathoi shikastai qishri Zamin rukh medihand. Zilzilaho khosi mintaqahoi kuhhoi javon meboshand. Az hamin sabab zilzilahoi sakht dar nohiyahoi kuhsor ba vujud meoyand. Dar khamvoriho boshad, kam rukh medihand va quvvaashon sust ast. Zilzila dar chuqurihoi gunoguni qishri Zamin (dar chuqurii az dahkho metr to ziyoda az 700-800 kilometr) ba vujud meoyad.

CHuquriero, ki dar on jo tarqish va joyivazkunii qabathoi Jinshoi kuhi ba amal meoyad, manbai zaminjunbi menomand. Mahal va joi sathi qishri Zamin, ki dar boloi manbai zaminjunbi voqe gardidaastu az on jo mavjhoi takonhoi zerizaminy az poyon ba bolo rost harakat mekunand. markazi (epishentr) zaminjunbi nom dorad. Dar markazi zaminjunby kharobihoi beshtar ba vuqu meoyand. Dar joyhoe, ki az markazi zaminjunbi durand, lappishkho hamchun mavj ba khar taraf pahn meshavand va kudratashon nisbatan sust ast.

Binobar in dar baze mavzeho larzishhoi nachandon purshiddat his karda meshavand. Baze khonahoi kuhnai khishtiyu gili kharob megardand, darakhton khamu rost meshavand. digar khonahoi ohanu betoni asbobu anjom ba larza msoyand.

Zaminjunbi hodisai dahshatnoki tabii meboshad. Odamon az nogahoni va zud ruh dodani on ba vahmu haros meoyand. In bud ki baroi fahmidani tabiati on muntazam kushish ba kharj medodand. Holo dar tamomi materikho stansiyakhoi zilzilasanjii ziyode amal mekunand. Dar onho ba vositai asbobi hassos – seysmograf junbishhoi qishri Zaminro mushohida menamoyand. Seysmograf kalimai yunoni budya. “seysmos” – zaminchuiby, zilzila, “grafo” – menavisam ast. Masalan. dar Tochikiston khar sol to ss hazor bor zaminjunbiro qayd msnamoyand. Natijai mushokhidakho ba markazkhoi tadkiqoti ilmy baroi muayyan kardani markazhoi zaminjunbi firistoda meshavand. Az rui in malumotho olimon kharita va atlasi zilzilaro tartib medihand. Dar onho  az rui jadvali 12-bally (az 1 to 12 ball) muvofiqi mushohidaho dar in yo on qismi qishri Zamin to chand ball shudani quvvai zaminjunbi nishon doda meshavad.

Zaminjunby dar sathi* Zamin yak khel pahn nagardidaast. Mintaqai faoli zaminjunbi dar Garb az Gulugohi Gibraltar, dar SHarq to jazirakhoi Uqyonusi Orom tul kashidaast. Digar mintaqai faoli zaminjunby dar qismi kanorii furukhamidai Uqyonusi Orom, ki bo materikho hamshafat (sistemai kukhkhoi javon) ast, voqs gardidaast. Zaminjunbihoi ziyod baroi khati shikastai qishri Zamin, ki az kismi sharqii qitai Afrika meguzarad va qatorkuhhoi mobayniuqyonusi niz khos meboshand.

Qalamravi Tojikiston ham ba mintaqai faoli zaminjunbi mansub ast. YAke az chunin mintakaho az Hisor to Rasht tul kashidaast. Dar in jo az 6 go 9 ball zaminjuiby shudanash az imkon dur nest. Zaminjunbikhoi Hoit «soli 1949), Qaratog (soli 1907) az on shahodat medihand. CHunin zaminjunbiho dar Sarez (soli 1911), dehai Oftobruya nohiyai Isfara (soli 1977), shahri Kayrokqum (soli 1986), dehai SHarorai nohiyai Hisor (soli 1989) * rukh dodand. Az hamin sabab dar jumhurii mo yake az markazhoi tadqikoti ilmii zilzilasanjii jahoni – Pajuishgohi zilzilasanjy va inshooti ba zilzila tobovar amal mekunad. Muvofiqi tavsiyai on dar jumkhuri inshooghoi ba zilzilai 6-8 ball tobovar sokhta meshavand.

Savol va suporish

1. Sababi zaminjunbi – zilzila chist?
2. Manba va markazi zaminjunby chist?
3. Zaminjunbiro bo kadom asbob mushohida mekunand?
4. Quvvai zaminjunbiro az rui chi muayyan mekunand?
5. Dar kadom mavzehoi Tojikiston zaminjunbihoi kharobiovar rukh medihand?