ZERNAVI MUHRADORON

Tavsifi umumii zernavi muhradoron

Ba namoyandagoni muhradoroni darajai oli mohiho, obkhokiho, khazandakho, parrandaho va shirkhurkho dokhil meshavand. Dar hamai onho nugi peshi asab gafs shuda, magzi sarro tashkil kardaast va qismi boqimondai naychai asab harommagz ast. Dar girdi khorda ustukhonbandi tagoyaki yo purra ustukhoni inkishof meyobad, ki muhraho dorad. Miqdori muhraho dar namoyandahoi muhradoron gunogun ast. Magzi sari onho dar kosakhonai cap joygir shudaast. Az hamin sabab hayvonhoi nomburdaro muhradoron menomand.

Harorati badani aksariyati muhradoron ba tagyir yoftani harorati muhit vobasta ast. Harorati badani mohiho, obkhokiho va khazandaho doimo yak khel nest. Az in sabab onhoro hayvonoti khunsard menomand. Harorati badani parrandaho va shirkhurho boshad hamesha yak khel ast, ki in ba kharorati muhit vobastagi nadorad. Az in sabab onhoro hayvonoti khungarm menomand.

Muhradoron nisbat ba hayvonoti digar inkishofyofta buda, ba har guna tasir faolona javob megardonand. Muhradoron ustukhonbandi (skelet), dili 2-khonagi, uzvi jinsi, gurda. galsama va shushi nisbatan inkishofyofta dorand.

Navi muhradoron ba sinfhoi mohiho, dubahraho, khazandaho, parrandaho va shirkhurho judo meshavand.

Tanai muhradoron ba qismkhoi cap, gardan, qafasi sina, shikam, dum chudo meshavad. Uzvhoi harakatdihandai muhradoron dast, poy, bolhoi shinovar meboshand, ki onho juftand. Hayvonhoi muhradori obi va khushky az yakdigar bo sokhti tana, poyho, ruypushi badan, harakat, tarzi gizogiry farq mekunand.

Dar ruypushi badani muhradoron gadudhoi obbaror, araqbaror, ravganbaror, rangbaror (pigmenti), inchunin ruypushi pulakchagi (shokhin), paru pat va muy. nokhun, changol mavjud ast, ki hamai on az shakl digarkunii pust ba vujud omadaand.

Ba muhradoron ustukhonbandin daruni khos ast, ki on az davrai embrioni cap karda, inkishof meyobad. Asosi ustukhonbandii muhradoron sutunmuhra meboshad, ki on az kosai cap to okhiri dum davom mekunad va qaburgahoro niz dar bar megirad. Miqdori muhra dar qismhoi gardan, qafasi sina, miyon, chorband, dum nobarobarand. Poyi peshi muhradoron ozod buda, az ustukhoni shona, kitf, bandi dast, orinj, soqi dast, panja bo bugumhoyash iborat ast.

Mushakhoi muhradoron vobasta ba harakatu vazifaashon kundalangrakhu hamvor meshavand.

Dar muhradoron 2 davri gardishi khun hast. 1) Davri kaloni gardishi khun, ki dar tamomi badan purra davr mezanad. 2) Davri khurdi gardishi khun, ki on az dil baromada, to shush rafta, bo oksigen tamin meshavadu boz bargashta ba dil meoyad.

Holati jinsii muhradoron judojinsa buda, har yak jins azohoi tanosuli khudro dorad. Ba onho bordorshavii daruni
va yo beruni khos buda, inkishofi nasl dar janini tukhm yo dar batn meguzarad.

Dar bayni muhradoron ham bazan hayvonoti dujinsa vomekhurand, vale onho benasl meboshand.

Savol va suporishho:

1. Dar borai khordadoroni muhradory ki kosaisardoron malu- moti umumy dihed.
2. Oid ba zernavi muhradoron malumot dihed.
3. Dar ruypushi badani muhradoron chy guna gadudho mavjud ast?