ZAHROLUDi AZ RASTANIHO

ZAHROLUDi AZ RASTANIHO. Zahroludii shadid az rastanihoi zahrnok namudi mamuli zahroludi az khurokvori meboshad. CHunin zahroludi beshtar dar mavsimi garmi sol – bahor, tobiston yo tiramoh dar bayni sayyohone, ki hayoti khudro dar khatar monda, rastaniho yo zanburughoi noshinosro dar khurok istifoda mebarand, inchunin dar kollektivhoi kudakone, ki tobiston ba lagerho meravand, ba vuqu mepayvandad. Diqqati kudakoni khurdsol (khususan to 5-sola)-ro namudi zeboi gujummeva va rastaniho jalb mekunad. Zahroludii shadid dar in sharoit aksar janbai umumi doshta, hamchun epidemiyai haqiqi dahho odamonro az hayot mahrum mesozad.
Hudmuolija, yane be maslihati dukhtur yo bo tavsiyai shinosoni «hamadon» istemol kardani jushobu shirai rastaniho, boisi zahroludii shadid megardad.
Pas az istemoli rastanihoi zahrnok faoliyati medayu rudaho khalal meyobad. Binobar in, zahroludii shadid az rastanihoro az zahroludii gizoi, ki sababi on bo khurok ba organizm roh yoftani mikrobho va zahri onho meboshad, farq namudan baso mushkil ast.
Rastanihoe hastand, ki aslan zahrnok buda, dar tarkibi khud moddahoi baroi odam zararnok dorand. Inchunin rastanihoi mufide niz mavjudand, ki dar natijai tagyir yoftani tarkibi khimiyavi yo bo zanburugi zahrnok oluda shudan (hangomi nigohdorii nodurust), az onho zahrolud gashtan mumkin ast (chunone, ki mavridi istifodai galla yo kartoshkae, ki zimiston dar sahro mondaast, mushohida meshavad). Zahri tarkibi rastaniho az payvasthoi khimiyavii gunogun iborat buda, ba guruhi alkaloidho, glikozidho, baze ravganhoi efiri va kislotahoi organiki (kislotai sianid, oksalat) mansuband. Alkaloidho payvasthoi murakkabi organiki buda, tarkibi onho az karbon, gidrogen va nitrogen iborat ast. Namaki alkaloidho dar ob zud hal shuda, dar medavu ruda tez jabbida meshavand. Hislati khosi glikozidho az on iborat ast, ki onho be dushvori ba juzhoi tarkibii khud – karbogidratho (qandho) va chand mavodi zahrnoki digar tajziya meshavand. Jarayoni hosil va gun shudani zahri rastaniho gunogun buda, vobasta ba marhilai inkishof, sharoiti iqlim, khok yakbora tagyir meyobad.
Hassosiyati hayvonot va inson ba tasiri zahr gunogun meboshad. Mas., nisbat ba odam asp va sag ba 1 kg vazn 10, kabutar 100, qurboqqa 1000 barobar ziyodtar ba tasiri alkaloidhoi khashkhosh (kuknor) tob meorand. Zahroginii bisyor rastaniho kayho malum boshad ham, har sol shumorai zahrhoi navi rastaniho meafzoyad.
Nishonahoi oseb didani odam az zahri rastaniho ba tasiri makhsusi onho ba uzvhoi muayyani organizm (zahrnokii intikhobi) vobasta ast. Hangomi Z. pesh az hama nishonahoi osebi sitemai asab padid meoyand. Hususiyati zahroludi metavonad gunogun boshad. Dar baze mavridho mavodi zahrnoki rastani faoliyati markazi asabro ba hayajon meorand, dar holathoi digar boshad, baraks, faoliyati onro furu menishonand yo boisi falaj megardand. Vobasta ba in, dar holati yakum nishonahoi hayajoni ziyod, ikhtiloji dastu po, ikhtiloli shuur, khorishi pust va ba nazar namudani hasharoti khurd bartari dorand. Mardumaki chashm vase, pust khushk va tafson, nabz va nafasgiri tez meshavad. In alomatho dar mavridi zahroludi az shobezak, bangi devona, shohdona, yavshon, ajalgiyoh va dig. rastanihoi zahrashon asabgiro ba mushohida merasand. Dar holati duyum alomathoi sustii hassosiyati pust, khoboludi, ruhaftodagi, dushvorii harakathoi gayriikhtiyori va behushi bartari dorand; zadani nabz va nafasgiri sust gashta, badan araqshor va khunuk meshavad. In guna nishonaho hangomi zahroludi az kuknor, chilbugum va g. mushohida meshavand.
Dar asnoi zahroludii vaznin angezishi sistemai asab faqat dar davrai avvali tasiri zahr ba mushohida merasad, sipas faoliyati on falaj meyobad. Tasiri avvalin ba sistemai asab, odatan, bo ikhtiloli digar uzvho (dar navbati avval dil va azoi nafas) jarayon girifta, boisi favti bemor megardad.
Bisyor rastanihoi zahrnok ba pardahoi luobii hozima tasir rasonida, boisi dardi shadidi shikam, dilbehuzuri, qay va ishol meshavand. Dar natijai zud kamob shudani organizm mumkin ast beholi, nafastangi, zafi faoliyati dil inkishof yobad. Ba in guruh rastanihoe mansuband, ki tarkibashon az saponinho (zarbat, kartoshkai neshzada, anguri sagak, khardal va g.) iborat ast.
Zahri rastanihoe, ki bo tasiri khud faoliyati dilro khalaldor mesozand, glikozidho nom dorand. Mas., panjai Ali, guli barfak, isparak, bedgul va g. Jushobi onhoro ba sifati doru kor mefarmoyand. On mushakhoi dilro tahrik medihad, surati kashishi dilro tanzim menamoyad. Meyori ziyod va zahrogini in guna rastaniho faoliyati dilro behad tahrik doda, onro az darki bozdorandai tasiri sistemai asabhoi markazi, ki tavassuti asabi gumroh firistoda meshavad, mahrum menamoyad. Zahroludi az onho bo zadani dil (ba ikhtiloli faoliyati on vobasta ast), paridani rangi ruy va behushi zohir megardad.
Haminro boyad dar khotir dosht, ki glikozidhoi panjai Ali va rastanihoi digar khosiyati kumulyativi dorand, yane hangomi duru daroz istemol namudan, dar organizm gun meshavand. Dar in mavrid nishonahoi zahroludi metavonand hatto pas az istemoli meyori andake az in doruho (15 – 20 qatra) niz sar zanand. Gayr az in, dar tarkibi chunin jushobho saponin va dig. payvasthoi organiki mavjudand, ki luobpardai azoi hozimaro kharob karda, sababi dilbehuzuri, qay va ishol megardand.
Zahroludi az jushobi chemeritsa bo nogahon sust shudani nabzu dilzani (bazan dar 1 daq. to 20 – 30 marotiba) ogoz yofta, boisi behushi va favti bemor meshavad.
Barkhe az rastaniho asosan ba jigar tasir merasonand, binobar in onhoro zahrhoi jigar menomand. Ba onho saliba, choychuba va talkhaki gulobi mansuband. Alkaloidhoi in rastaniho sababi beishtihoi, ikhtiloli hazmi khurok (dilbehuzuri, ishol), zardparvin, khorishi pust, dardi atrofi jigar, ikhtiloli faoliyati ruhi (hayajoni nutq, ki ba khoboludi ivaz meshavad) megardad.
Hangomi Z. bemorro bo rohi az organizm dur kardani zahr va istifodai harguna pozahrho muolija menamoyand. Sarfi nazar az namudi rastanii zahrnok favran angushtro ba dahon andokhta qay ovardan zarur ast. Qabl az qay ba bemor 1 – 2 istakon obi garmi shurtam (0,5 qoshuqcha namak ba 1 istakon ob) menushonand. Qayro 5 – 6 bor takror namuda, pas az on mavodi jabbanda (80 – 100 g noni qoqi siyoh yo 3 – 4 qursi angishti faol – karbolen) medihand. Sipas nushonidani dorui isholovar (30 – 50 g namaki sulfati natriy yo sulfati magniy dar 0,5 istakon ob) tavsiya meshavad.
Dar mavridi ba hayajon omadani bemor to rasidani guruhi yorii tajili uro dar bistar khobonda ba sarash chizi khunuk meguzorand; hangomi behushi sarashro az poyho pasttar namuda mekhobonand; agar nafasgiri va faoliyati dil qat gardad, bo usuli dahon ba dahon nafas doda, mashi dil meguzaronand.
Baroi peshgirii Z. ijroi qoidahoi zerin muhim ast: 1) dar khurok istifoda naburdani har guna giyoh va zanburughoi nomalum; 2) istemol nakardani kartoshka, galladona, marjumak, nakhud va g., ki nodurust nigoh doshta shudaand yo zimiston dar sahro mondaand; 3) be maslihati dukhtur nakhurdani jushob va doruhoe, ki dar sharoiti khona az giyohhoi dorui tahiya shudaand; 4) khudsarona az meyori tainkardai dukhtur ziyod istemol nakardani jushobe, ki dar dorukhona tayyor karda shudaast; 5) ba kudakon (khususan ba kudakoni khurdsol) be nazorati odamoni kalon ijozat nadodani jamovarii zanburugu gujummeva; 6) zinhor nasupurdani hayot va salomatii khud ba dasti odamone, ki malumoti makhsusi tibbi nadorand.