Tagyiri shakli navda, reshapoya, lunda, piyozak

Baze rastanihoi bisyorsolai alafi guyo “anborhoi” makhsusi zerizamini dorand. Dar fasli tiramoh uzvhoi ruizaminii in rastaniho az sabzish boz monda, khushk meshavand. Resha va navdai shakldigarkardai onho dar zeri khok boqi memonad. Onho bo sababi vazifahoi nav paydo kardanashon ba uzvhoi ruizaminii muqarrari monand nestand. Mahz dar chunin navdahoi shakldigarkarda baroi sabzishu inkishofi minbadai onho moddahoi organiki zakhira meshavand. Reshapoya, lunda va piyozak navdahoi shakldigarkarda meboshand.

Dar bisyor rastaniho, az on jumla dar gazna (tavlang), gumoy, shaqoiq , guli livondar, aspidistra (rastanii khonagi) reshapoya dida meshavad. Agar reshapoyai yagontoi in rastanihoro az zamin kofta girem, mebinem, ki vay zohiran ba resha monand ast. Vale dar on chun dar poyai ruizamini sarmugja va barmugja (mugjai pahlui) va inchunin pulakchahoi pardamonand (yo barghoi shakpdigarkarda) mavjud ast. Odatan az reshapoya reshahoi ilovagi inkishof meyoband. Az mugjahoi nugi va pakhdui dar fasli bahor poyahoi navrasi ruizamini meruyand. Onho to sabzidanu inkishofi poyai ruizamini az hisobi moddahoi gizoie, ki tiramoh dar reshapoyaashon zakhira karda budand, gizo me- girand. Agar juzi reshapoyaro, ki mugja va reshahoi ilovagi dorad, dar khok shinonem, vay khamchun rastanii mustaqil nashunamo mekunad. Bisyor rastanihoi bisyorsolai oroishiro tavassuti ba juzho (qismho) judo kardani reshapoyaashon afzun mekunand.

Rastanihoi lundahosilkunanda kam vomekhurand. Rastanii kar- toshka, noki zamini (topinambur) va guli havoboronak (ravganduz- dak) niz lunda dorand. Lundai kartoshka az mugjahoi zerikhoki bo- tadrij dar fosilai muayyani vaqg hosil meshavad. Avvalo az mugjai dar bekhi (buni) poyai ruizamini inkhishofyofta poyai boriku daroz va safedi zerikhoki — stolon hosil meshavad. Sipas nugi stolon gafs gardida, ba lunda tabdil meyobad. Lundai kartoshka khlorofill nadorad, vale agar ba rushnoi guzorem, sabz meshavad.

Dar sathi berunii lunda jo-jo chuqurchahoi 2-3 mugjador dida meshavand, ki onhoro chashmakchaho menomand. Dar qismi nugii lunda chashmakho bisyorand. Tarafi muqobili qismi nugiro asos yo buni lunda meguyand. Lunda bo bunash ba stolonho payvast ast.

Hususiyathoi sokhti lundai kartoshka ba on dalolat mekunad, ki vay navdai shakldigarkardai zerikhokist.

Tavassuti poya az bargi kartoshka ba stolonho mudom (doimo) moddahoi organiki jori gardida, dar namudi ohar dar nugi gafsshudaistodai stolonho zakhira meshavand. Agar lundai kartoshkaro burida ba on yak qatra mahluli serobi yod chakonem on kabudrang megar- dad. In holat ba mavjud budani ohar shahoddt medihad.

Bisyor rastanihoi bisyorsola — piyoz, guli zanbaq, lola, nargis, piyozi goz, siyohalaf va gayraho piyozak dorand.

Piyozakro hamai shumo didaed. Dar juzi poyonii piyozaki (buni) piyoz poyai khele kutohu pahndilak yo uzak joy giriftaast. Dar uzak barghoi shakldigarkardai pulakchamonand joygir shudaand. Agar pulakchahoi daruni sermagzu serob boshand, pulakchahoi beruni baraks khushk va charmmonandand. Dar pulakchahoi daruni ob va qandi dar on halgardida va digar moddaho zakhira shudaand. Dar uzak mavjud budani mugja, ki dar bagali pulakchaho joy giriftaast, shahodat medihad, ki piyozak navdai shakpan digarshuda meboshad.

Agar piyozakro dar zamin shinonem, az tarafi poyoni uzak patak- resha mesabzad. Bazan az mugja piyozakchahoi navras inkishof meyo- band, ki onhoro mugjapiyozakchaho menomand. Az har kadomi in mugjapiyozakchahoi navras metavonad rastanii mustaqil ruyad.

1. Kadom khelhoi tagyiri shakli navdaro medoned?
2. Reshapoya az resha bo chi farq mekunad?
3. Stolon chist?
4. Lundai kartoshka chi tavr inkishof meyobad?
5. Dar lundai kartoshka kadom moddai organiki beshtar gun shudaast?
6. Piyozak chi guna sokht dorad? CHi tavr boyad isbot kard, ki piyozak navdai shakldigarkarda ast?