Tajziyai hokimiyat ba maqomoti qonunguzor, ijroiya va sudi meboshad.

 Nishonai chahorumi davlati huquqbunyod . Harse shokhai hokimiyat dar tatbiqi faoliyati khud mustaqil meboshand. Tajziyai hokimiyati yagonai davlati ba se shokhai mustaqil yake az prinsiphoi asosii tashkil va faoliyati maqomoti davlati meboshad. Vay asosi konstitutsionii khudro dar bisyor kishvarhoi dunyo yoftaast. Dar moddai 9 (Konstitutsiyai (Sarqonuni) Jumhurii Tojikiston omadaast, ki hokimiyati davlati, dar asosi tajziyai on ba hokimiyati qonunguzor, ijroiya va sudi amali megardad. Maqsadi in prinsip noil shudan ba mustaqiliyati purrai shokhahoi hokimiyat, roh nadodan ba hama guna suiistemoli hokimiyati davlati az tarafi maqomoti on meboshad.

In chunin mano dorad, ki khudi hokimiyati davlati yagona va taqsimnashavanda buda, tanho shokhahoi on boyad az hamdigar farq namoyand, ki onho dar judo budani salohiyati har yak shokhai hokimiyat ifoda meyobad.

Faoliyati maqomoti hokimiyat dar doirai qonun ba roh monda meshavad va in ba onho imkoniyat namedihad, ki az haddi muqarrarnamudai qonun berun baroyand. Har yak shokhai hokimiyat vazifahoero ijro menamoyad, ki ba doirai salohiyati on dokhil meshavand. Hamai se shokhai hokimiyat muhimand. Onho ba hamdigar tasir rasonida va baroi barpo namudani davlati huquqbunyod khizmat mekunand. Hokimiyati qonunguzor az tarafi khalq intikhob karda shuda, istiqloliyati davlatro ifoda menamoyad. Hokimiyati ijroiya bo amali namudani qonunho va faoliyati khojagiyu idorakuni mashgul meshavad. Hokimiyati sudi ba sifati kafili barqarorkunandai huquqhoi vayronkardashuda baromad namuda, baroi hama gunna suiistemolkuni jazo medihad. Dar davlati huquqbunyod faqat sud metavonad hama guna bahshoi bayni shahrvandon va hokimiyatro barrasi namoyad. Sud tanho ba qonun takya namuda, faoliyati khudro mustaqilona ba amal mebarorad.

Jamiyati shahrvandi va davlati huquqbunyod Jamiyati shahrvandi va davlati huquqbunyod bo hamdigar aloqamandii zich dorand. Davlati huquqbunyodro dar on joe barpo namudan mumkin ast, ki dar on joy jamiyati shahrvandii inkishofyofta va purquvvat mavjud boshad. Jamiyati shahrvandi sohai nisbatan mustaqili novobasta az davlat hayoti jamiyati meboshad, ki dar on guruhhoi ijtimoii gunogun, ittihodiyahoi madani, milli, dini, hududi va khislati digar doshtai ifodakunandai manfiathoi harkhelai odamon amal menamoyand. Jamiyati shahrvandi chunin jamiyatest, ki dar on qonuni huquqi hukmron buda, ustuvorii ozodii shakhs, huquq, shanu sharaf, qadru qimati on, inchunin javobgarii tarafayni shakhs va davlat amal menamoyad. Mafhumi «jamiyati shahrvandi» imkoniyat medihad, ki sohai siyosi va gayrisiyosii hayoti jamiyati farq karda shuda, mafhumhoi davlat va jamiyat az hamdigar judo karda shavand.

Jamiyat az organizmi murakkabe iborat ast, ki dar on odamoni doroi manfiathoi gunogun, talabot, khislathoi gunogun hamkori menamoyand. Hamzamon bo in, odamon bo hamdigar dar aloqahoi madani, tijorati, manzili, oilavi, mehnati va gayraho qaror dorand. Ba nizomi jamiyati shahrvandi ba gayr az munosibathoi siyosi munosibathoi iqtisodi, najodi, manavi, ittilooti, oilavi va gayraho dokhil meshavand, ki novobasta az davlat vujud dorand va inkishof meyoband. Albatta, jamiyat va davlatro purra az hamdigar judo kardan nomumkin ast, zero davlat mahsuli inkishofi jamiyat va shakli mavjudiyati on meboshad. Judo namudani jamiyati shahrvandi az davlat manoi onro dorad, ki sohai hayoti jamiyatie vujud dorad, ki dar tobeiyat va nazorati davlat nameboshad. YAne davlat naboyad ba hayoti khususii odamon dakholat namoyad.

Hamzamon inson dar jamiyati shahrvandi unsuri asosi ast, vale vay nametavonad talaboti khudro dar alohidagi yo be aloqamandi bo odamoni digar qone gardonad. On chi ki ba munosibati bayni shakhs va davlat taalluq dorad, in pesh az hama dar ijroi uhdadorihoi shakhs dar nazdi davlat, khususan uhdadorii shakhs oid ba itoat namudan ba qonun va suporidani andoz ifoda meyobad. Agar shakhs uhdadorihoi khudro dar nazdi davlat sofdilona ijro namoyad, on goh dar digar mavridho hayoti shakhsii inson boyad baroi davlat farq nadoshta boshad va davlat haq nadorad, ki ba on dakholat namoyad.

Davlat boyad ba jamiyati shahrvandi va manfiati on khizmat namuda va bo hamin manfiati umumii jamiyatro ifoda namoyad. Inkishofi nopurrai jamiyati shahrvandi mumkin ast sharoitero muhayyo sozad, ki boisi furu burdani jamiyati shahrvandi az tarafi davlat yo muqobil guzoshtani on ba jamiyat va manfiati khudro bo zuri ba jamiyat bor kardan gardad. Baroi hamin, na hama guna jamiyat jamiyati shahrvandi meboshad. Nishonai asosii jamiyati shahrvandi – in jamiyati doroi munosibathoi iqtisodii inkishofyofta budani on meboshand.

Dar chunin jamiyat shakhs az molikiyat judo nabuda, baraks imkoniyat dorad, ki hama guna shakli molikiyatro intikhob namoyad, inchunin haq dorad natijai mehnat va qobiliyati khudro ba mehnat ikhtiyordori kunad. Salohiyati davlat dar chunin jamiyat barpo namudani sharoiti mutadil baroi tashabbusnoki va inkishofi faoliyati sohibkori, muhofizat va hifzi molikiyat, tamini raqobati ozod, muboriza bar ziddi jinoyatkori va muhofizati tartibot meboshad.

Nishonai digari jamiyati shahrvandi etirofi huquq va ozodihoi tabiii inson va hifzi samaranoki on meboshad.

Nishonai seyumi jamiyati shahrvandi mavjud nabudani manopolizmi ideologi dar jamiyat meboshad.

Dar chunin jamiyat fikr, nuqtai nazar, aqida, mulohiza va mafkurai gunogun ravo meboshad. Jamiyatishahrvandi doirai guzaronidani faoliyati gunoguni siyosii tashkilotho, institutho va ittihodiyahoro muayyan menamoyad. Vay goyahoi peshqadam va insondustonaro pesh burda, tarzhoi demokratii idorakunii korhoi jamiyatiro istifoda mebarad.

Hususiyati farqkunandai jamiyati shahrvandi oshkoro va khudidora budani korhoi shakhsi meboshad. Oshkoro budan az jumla ozodona vorid shudan ba hamai manbahoi ittilloot (ba gayr az sirri davlati va tijorati), oshkoro guzaronidani hama guna chorabinihoe, ki ba hayoti jamiyati vobastaand, ozodii sukhan, matbuot, tanqid, ozodii aloqaho bo tashkilothoi baynalmilali va khorijiro dar nazar dorad.

Hamin tavr, jamiyati shahrvandi – in jamiyati huquqi, demokrati, insondust va sulhdustona buda, dar on baroi hej guna zuri ba shakhsiyat joy nest, baraks dar on adolat, barobari va ozodii purra hukmron ast.

Savolho:

1. Mohiyati davlati huquqbunyod az chi iborat ast?
2. Nishonahoi asosii davlati huquqbunyodro nombar kuned.
3. Bartarii huquq dar davlati huqukbunyod chi mani dorad? 4.Voloiyati qonun chist?
4. Arzishi oli doshtani huququ ozodihoi inson dar chi ifoda meyobad? 6. Masuliyati tarafayni davlat va shakhsro fahmonda dihed. 7. Mohiyati tajziyai hokimiyatro ba maqomoti qonunguzor, ijroiya va sudi bayon namoed.
5. Jamiyati shahrvandi chist?
6. Farqi davlat az jamiyati shahrvandi dar chist? 10.Nishonahoi jamiyati shahrvandiro nombar namoed.