Комрон.инфо
Totemizm /ototetm – avlodi u/-ba etiqod ba kheshigarii favquttabiin bayni guruhi odamon, avlod, ba yagon namudi ashyoi moddi, qabl az hama hayvonot va rustani.
Totemizm az jumlai qadimtarin shaklhoi din buda, imruz ham dar bayni baze qabilahoi aqibmondai Avstraliya duchor meshavand. Dar adabiyoti ilmi istilohi “totema” avvalin bor dar okhiri asri XVIII paydo shudaast. Badi nashri asarhoi J.Frezer va Mak Lennon dar ilm mavridi omuzishi vase qaror girift. Kashfiyothoi bostonshinosi nishon dodand, ki totemizm dar davrai asri sangi vujud dosht.
Ahli avlod totemai nazdiki khudro kheshi nazdiki khud medonand, misoli padar, barodari kaloni, dust, nazdik va gayra. Hayvoni mazkurro onho namekushand, odatan gushti onro istemol namekunand.
Dar baze mavridho dar bayni qabilahoi avstraliyagi khurdani gushti hayvoni muqaddas hamchun marosimi dini ijro megardad. Dar joyhoi makhsus alomati totema pinhon karda meshavad, tasiri mujizamoki on dar hayoti avlod takid megardad, masalan homilashavii zanon va gayra.
Odatan avlodoni etiqodmand ba totemizm ba ahli avlodi khud khonador nameshavand. Ba gayr az totemai umumi inchunii totemai mardonu zanon dar yak avlodu qabila, hatto totemai fardi metavonad vujud doshta boshad. Ba qavli muhaqqiqon dar qabilahoi mahallii avstraliyagi to ba hol chunin navhoi totemizm duchor meshavand.
Baroi sharhi totemizm olimon aqidahoi gunogun dorand, vale aqidai umumi va nisbatan pahnshuda az on iborat ast, ki totemizm shakli dini jomeai ibtidoii avlodi meboshad, ki dar on sharoiti hayoti guruhhoi odamoni ibtidoie, ki bo shikor mashgul budand, ba tavri mujizanok dar parastishi hayvonot inikos gardidaand. Robitai kheshu taborii in avlodho beshuurona ba tabiati onhoro farogirifta, khususan hayvonot, nisbat doda shudaast.
Taqriban dar davrai inkishofyoftai modarshokhi vobasta ba guzarishi Odamop dar nazdi sang nisbatan murakkabi sokhti avlodii ibodat menamoyand.
Qabilavi totemizm tasiri khudro az dast medihad. Osori totemizm mudati duru daroz dar zindagiyu shuuri mardum boqi memonad va hatto imruz ham, chunon ki zikr gardid dar bayni baze qabilahoi aqibmonda vujud dorad. Osori on dar dinhoi muosir mushohida meshavad.
