Sangpusht: namudhoi onon

Sangpushtho az jihati sokhti badan ba qatori khazandahoi sustharakatkunanda dokhil meshavand. Aksariyati sangpushtho az bolo sipari barjasta va az poyon siparki pahni shohini pulakchagi dorand. Vazifai sipar on ast, ki badanro az sharoiti nomusoidi beruna, az zarbu lat va az dushman muhofizat mekunad.

Sipari takhtapusht bo sutunmuhrayu qaburgahoi badan vasl shudaast. Hangomi oromi, khurokkhuri, rohravi az daruni zireh saru poyhoi kutoh va dumash berun mebaroyad. Baze parrandahoe hastand, ki sangpushtro az poyash doshta baland parvoz karda az on jo mepartoyand, pas az sakht aftidan sipar meshikanad, bad gushti on khuroki parrandahoi darranda meshavad. Namoyandai Sangpushtho hayoti obi va kham khushki meguzaronand. Sangpushtho obi, bahri, botloqi, khushkigard, biyoboni, dashti (alafi) meshavand. Azbaski Sangpushtho sipari muhofizati dorand, dar davomi 190- 200 million sol qarib betagyir mondaand.

Sangpushtho bo poyhoi kutohashon ohista roh gashta, badani vazninashonro dar ruyi zamin bazur kashola mekunand. Panjahoi vaseyu changolhoi tezashon baroi gorkobi khizmat mekunand. Hamin ki tobiston rastanihoi dashtu biyobonho khushk meshavand, Sangpushtho khuroki sabz yofta natavonista, ba khobi tobistona meravand, ki in bazan to boronhoi avvali tiramoh yo bahor davom mekunad. Dar tiramoh boz Sangpushtho bedor shuda, faol meshavand. Bo cap shudani khunuki in hayvon ba khobi zimistoni meravad, ki on to bahori oyanda davom mekunad. Dar biyobonhoi Turkmanistonu teppahoi Tojikiston, ki tiramoh, nabotot tamoman khushk meshavad, az khobi tobistona sangpushtho befosila ba khobi zimistona meguzarand. Dar chunin mavrid in sangpushtho 8-9 moh mskhoband.

Sangpushti modina dar fasli bahor 5-6 tukhmi kalon meguzorad, ki ruypushi safedi ohaki doshta, az moddai safedayu zardi boy ast. Bad az 2-4 mokh az tukhm sangpushtcha mebaroyad, ki 5 sm darozi dorad. Odamon tukhmi sangpushtro mekhurand, ki az mazai tukhmi murg farqe nadorad. Az tukhmi baze sangpushthoi tropiki ravgani charog yo khurdani megirand, ki on az jihati tam ba ravgani zaytun monand ast. Dar ustukhonbandii Sangpushtho qismi ustukhoni kos, gardan, tana va dum judo ast, ki onro dar morho namebinem. Muhrahoi gardani sangpusht harakatnokand.

Dandonhoi sangpusht yakkhelai plastinkashakland, ki bo onho khurokashro  majaq karda, kanda mekhurad. Sangpupgghoi dar kishtzor buda, qismhoi sabzi rastaniro khurda, zarar merasonand.

Dar sangpushtho shush hamchun uzvi nafaskashi nagz inkishof yoftaast. Az sababi on, ki siparashon dar vaqti nafasgiri fishurdayu barjasta nameshavad, havoro guyo furu mebarand. Sababi vase nashudani qafasi sina sipari sakhti onho msboshad. Sangpushtho az ruyi tasnif ba qatorhoi gardanpinhon, bahri, gardankaj, narmpust judo msshavand.

Zerqatori sangpushghoi gardanpinhon. In Sangpushtho gardanashonro ba zeri siparkosaashon pinhon karda metavonand. Namoyandai onho dar khushki va ob zindagi mekunand Aksariyati Sangpushtho ba in qator dokhil meshavand. Namoyandai on sangpushthoi dashtii osiyomiyonagi, kavkazi, sangpushti kalon va botloqi meboshand. Sangpushthoi dashtiyu biyobonie niz hastand, ki gushtashon khurdanibob ast, khudi onho asosan maysa va bazan hasharotro kham mekhurand. Sangpushghoi botloqi azimjussa buda to 200 kg vazn dorand. Sangpushti osiyomiyonagi dar dashtu vodihoi Tojikiston vomekhurad, ki vay rastanikhur buda, ba ziroathoi kipggshuda zarar merasonad. Agar dar yak gektar zamin 20-30 sangpushti dashti zindagi kunad, va metavonad ba charogoh yo kishtzor zarari kalon rasonad. Sangpusht dar 3 mohi zindagii harakatnokash farbeh meshavad va juft shuda, tukhm meguzorad. In sangpusht dar sharoiti Tojikiston az ibtidoi mohi aprel ba juftshavi cap mekunad. Mohi may ba gorchahoyash 3-5 tukhm meguzorad va mohi avgust az tukhmho sangpushtchaho mebaroyand. Mardumi mahallii Osiyoi Miyona, az jumlatojikon gushti sangpushtro makruh (harom) shumorida, az khurdani gushti bolazzati on hazar mskunand, khol on ki gushti sangpusht ba tami gushti murg monand ast.

Zerqatori Sangpushthon bari. In Sangpushtho dar obhoi garmi uqyonusi Orom va dar bahri YApon zindagi mekunand. Dar bayni panjahoi poyashon parda dorand, ki dar ob nagz shino mekunand. Dar bazeashon poy ba belcha tabdil yoftaasg. Dar baze sangpushthoi bahri sigshrkosaashon barham khurda, badanashon luch ast. Sangpushthoi obi darranda buda, mohi, qurboqqa za hasharotu kirmakhoi obiro mekhurand. Namoyandai onho karetta, bissa, Sangpushthoi obhoi shur meboshand.

Sangpushti obhoi shur kalonjussa buda, to 500 kg vazn dorad. Sangpushthoi bahriro bo asbobhoi makhsus shikor karda, az gushti bolazzatashon konserva tayyor mekunand. Az zirehi baze sangpuigghoi bahri, ki rangi zebo dorand, shona, khokistardon va digar chizhoi oroishi mssozand. Dar obhoi tropikii uqyonuskhoi Hindu Orom va Atlantika sangpushthoi kalontarini dunyo zindagi mekunand, ki dermakholis nom doshta, to 600 kg vazn dorand va darozii siparashon to 2 m. meshavad. Soli 1936 chunin sangpupggro az obhoi hududi SHarqi Dur (az gulugohi Rinda) doshta budand.

Namudi digari sangpushti obiero, ki karettai oddi nom dorad, soli 1940 az nazdikii Vladivostok (az gulugokhi Petri Buzurg) doshta, ba bogi hayvonoti Moskva ovarda budand.

Zerkatori Sangpushthoi gardankaj. In sangpushtho gardanashonro ba daruni siparashon furu kashidayu pinhon karda nametavonand. Onho dar obhoi shirini Amerikai Janubi, Avstraliya, Afrika zindagi mekunand. YAke az onho sangpushti morgardan ast.

Zerqatori Sangpushthoi narmpust. Inguna sangpushtho az boloi siparkosa pust dorand. Onhoro dar qitahoi Afrika. Osiyo, Amerikai SHimoli vokhurdan mumkin ast. Dar qismi peshi tanai onho khartum mavjud ast. Namoyandaash trioniksi khitoi meboshad. Boyad guft, ki hamai Sangpushtho dar khushki afzoish mekunand. Sangpushthoi khushkigardi azimjussa, ki dar jazirahoi Galapagos (uqyonusi Orom), Amerikai Janubi, dar baze jazirahoi uqyonusi Hind vomekhurdand, to 200 kg vazn doshta, diametri badanashon 1.5 m khajm dorad. Odamon beshtar sangpushthoi azimjussaro shikor mekunand.