Rohhoi harakati moddaho dar rastani

Moddahoe, ki dar natijai in yo on hodisa (ravand) hosil shuda- and, dar yak joy qaror namegirand. Onho pesh az hama dar dokhili (tavassuti) hujayra harakat karda, az yak juzi (organoisi) hujay- ra ba digarash, az sitoplazma ba plastid va yo ba jonibi qismhoi darsabzishbudai jildi hujayra (masalan, hangomi hosil shudani muyakreshaho) harakat mekunand. CHunin harakati dokhilihujayragi- ro harakati khudi sitoplazma sabab meshavad.

Moddaho dar organizmi rastaniho az yak hujayra ba hujayrai digar harakat mekunand. Masalan, mahsuloti fotosintez (qand) az hujayrahoi sabzi zeri pusti poyai javon metavonad ba jonibi hujayrahoi berangi dar poya chuqurtar joygirifta (dilak) harakat kunad. Ba chunin harakati moddaho pesh az hama khususiyati jildi hujayra musoidat mekunad. Zero jildi hujayra bo khubi ob va moddahoi dar on halgardidaro az khudash nagz meguzaronad. Binobar on, tavassuti onho va javfhoi baynihujayragi mahluli moddahoi gu- noguni gizoi harakat karda, ba joyhoi lozimi rasonda meshavand.

Inchunin sitoplazmai hujayrahoi zindai hamshafat tavassuti nay- chahoi nihoyat borik, kadome ki dar joyhoi nihoyat tunuki jildi hujayra joygirand, bayni hamdigar aloqai nogusastani dorand. Az in ru, bisyor moddaho metavonand bo in rishtahoi sitoplazmatiki niz harakat kunand.

Dar okhir baroi intiqoli moddaho dar jismi rastaniho az yak uzvi on ba digarash intiqoli durharakati moddaho vujud (faoliyat) do- rad. CHunonchi, ob az resha to bargu mugjahoi darakhtoni azamagjussa ba balandii 30-40 m (va hatto bazan to 100 m) ba bolo bardoshta (ovarda) meshavad. Moddahoi gizoi az barg ba joyhoi istemol- talab (kadome, ki dar on uzvho inkishof meyoband yo gunshavii mod- dahoi zakhiravi meguzarad), yane ba mugchaho, gul, mevahoi pukhtais- toda va uzvhoi zerikhoki intiqol meyoband. SHumo allakay medoned, ki baroi chunin harakati duri moddaho boftahoi makhsusi guzaro- nanda, az qabili chub va lif dar rastaniho faoliyat dorand.

Agar dar chub vazifai guzaronandagiro ragbandiho ijro kunand, dar lif – naychahoi elakshakl. In juzhoi chub va lif bo nomi bandchahoi guzaronanda dar har yak uzvi rastani mavjudand. Bakhusus, onho dar qismi dilaki reshayu poya, dar bayni boftahoi zakhirakunandai re- shapoya va lunda, dar ragbandihoi barg, kosabarg, gulbarg va sutunchahoi gardbargu devori guraki tukhmdon va inchunin dar devorhoi mevaho (mevapardaho) vomekhurand. Bandchakhoi guzaronanda dar tukh- mu doni bavoyarasida tavassuti tukhmpoya nasli oyandai khudro (ras- tanii az on sabzandaro) bo moddahoi zaruri tamin mekunand. Hamin tavr, tamomi rohho va ragu ragbandihoi guzaronandai (in- tikolii) jismi rastaniho dar shakli yak silsilapayvandi (siste- mai) yagonai harakati moddaho bo ham zich aloqamandand.

1. Harakati moddaho dar rastaniho chi tavr amali megardad?
2. Az yak hujayra ba hujayrai digar harakat kardani moddaho chi tavr ruy medihad? Onro bo misolho sharh dihed.
3. Harakati moddahoi gizoi az yak uzv ba uzvi digar tavassuti kadom boftaho amali megardad?