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Muhammad ibni Ali ibni Hasan Zahirii Samarqandi

Muhammad ibni Ali ibni Hasan Zahirii Samarqandi az dabiron va adiboni asri 12 fors-tojik buda, doir ba hayot va faoliyati ilmiyu adabii u malumoti khele kam ast. Muvofiqi guftai Muhammad Avfii Bukhoroi dar tazkirai «Lubob-ul-albob», Zahirii Samarqandi muddate dar darbori Qarokhonihoi Samarqand kotibi karda, «Sohibi devon»-i inshoi Ruknuddin Masud budaast.

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Muallifoni tazkiraho takid kardaand, ki Zahirii Samarqandi dar nasri musajja se kitobi buzurg talif karda budaast. Kitobi yakumi u «Sam-uz-Zahir fi jam-iz-zahir » («Guftori Zahir baroi majlisi khos») nom doshta, zohiran dar bobbi usuli davlatdori budaast. In asar to zamoni mo boqi namondaast. Kitobi duyumi u-«Agroz-us-siyosat fi aroz-ir-riyosat» («Maqsadhoi siyosat dar idora kardani davlat») kitobi tarikhshinosi dar bobi siyosat va usuli davlatdori buda, az guftori shohoni asotiri- Jamshed to shohoni asriXII — Sanjar ibni Malikshoh, pahlavonon, donishmandoni eroniyu arab, yunoni va gayra faroham omadaast. Zahirii Samarqandi dar in kitob hangomi sharhu tavzehi guftahoi guzashtagon az baze voqeahoi zamoni khud yodovar shudaast, ki ahamiyati tarikhi dorand.

Muhimtarin asari Zahirii Samarqandi, ki uro dar tarikhi adabiyoti fors-tojik hamchun nasrnavis mashhur kard, “Sinbodnoma” meboshad. “Sinbodnoma” bo uslubi hikoyat andar hikoyat talif shuda, tarikhi khele qadima dorad. Qadimtarin nuskhai in asar ba zamoni Ashkoniyon (250 to m. — 224 m.) taalluq dorad. Ammo sarchashmai imruzai “Sinbodnoma” rivoyati pahlavii asar buda, dar asri 8 az pahlavi ba arabi tarjuma shuda, ba tarkibi kitobi “Hazoru yak shab” daromadaast. Dar asri VIII inchunin, matni arabii on ba suriyoni va dar asri XI matni suriyoni ba zaboni yunoni va badtar ba zabonhoi ispani, ibroni, armani, gurji, turki, lotini, faronsavi, italiyavi, anglisi, nemisi, rusi, rumini, shvedi va gayra tarjuma shudaast. Dar adabiyoti fors-tojik chand tahriri mustaqili manzumu mansuri “Sinbodnoma” vujud dorad.

Avvalin tahriri “Sinbodnoma” ba qalami ustod Rudaki taalluq dorad, ki to zamoni mo az on baythoi parokanda boqi mondaast. Tahriri duyum ba adib va tarjumoni asri X Abulfavorisi Fanoruzi taalluq dorad. Muvofiqi guftai Zahirii Samarqandi, Nuh ibni Mansuri Somoni ba Abulfavorisi Fanoruzi suporish dodaast, ki u kitobi “Sinbodnoma” — ro az zaboni pahlavi ba tojiki tarjuma kunad Abulfavorisi Fanoruzi solhoi 950-951 “Sinbodnoma” ro az pahlavi ba tojiki tarjuma kardaast. Matni tarjumai Fanoruzi to zamoni mo narasidaast.

Dar asri XI Azraqii Hiravii shoir matni tarjumai Fanoruziro ba nazm daro vardaast. Zahirii Samarqandi nimahoi asri XII matni tar jumai Fanoruziro az nav tahrir kardaast, ki matni on soli 1948 dar Istambul (Turkiya), soli 1953 dar Tehron va soli 1971 dar Dushanbe bo nomi «Kitobi Hakim Sinbod» ba tab rasidaast. Mazmuni mukhtasari «Sinbodnoma» chunin ast:

— Dar sarzamini Hind Qurdis nom podshohi odilu donoe bud. In podshoh az befarzandi doimo gam mekhurd. Az qazo dar pironsoli pisare yoft. Talimu tarbiyai in farzandro ba gardani Sinbodi Hakim guzoshtaast. SHohzoda dar ilmu donish ruz to ruz komil megasht va az rui odat, u boyad dar nazdi darboriyon imtihon mesuporid. Baroi hamin ustodash Sinbod peshi oftob usturlob guzoshta, muayyan kard, ki to haft ruz joni shohzoda dar khatar ast, baroi hamin az shohzoda khohish kard, ki u to haft ruz bo kase gap nazanad va khudash ba safar baromad. YAke az kanizakhoi shoh, ki kayho boz oshiqu maftuni u gashta bud, ba nazdi shohzoda rafta arzi dil kard. SHohzoda ishqi kanizakro rad karda, takid

namud, ki badi haft ruzi khomushi ba nazdi shoh rafta bevafoii kanizakro khohad guft. Kanizak az tarsi jon rohi khabarkashiro pesh girift. U ba nazdi podshoh rafta, shohzodaro ba khiyonat muttaham kard. Podshoh az khabar ba khashm omad va ba qatli shohzoda farmon dod. Dar in miyon haft vaziri donovu khiradmandi podshoh ba himoyati shohzoda barkhosta, dar bevafoii zanon va zarari beandeshagi hikoyathoi tamsili meovardand va bo hamin ijroi qatli shohzo-

daro ba qafo mepartoftand, to ki haft ruzi nahs biguzaradu shohzoda begunohii khudro isbot kunad. Zahirii Samarqandi muvofiqi zavqi badeii zamoni khud matni az pahlavi ba dari gardonidai Abulfavorisi Fanoruziro bo sabki masnui purtakalluf tahrir karda, gohgohe dar mavridhoi muvofiq sherhoi tojikiyu arabiro joy dodaast.

Zahirii Samarqandi dar zimni asar aqidahoi ijtimoii kheshro dar bobi usuli mamlakatdori, shohi marifatpesha va davlati obod ifoda kardaast, ki in yak nav dasturest baroi shohonu amironi davru zamoni u.

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