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MuY

muyMuY (Pili), torhoi naychamonandi mahin va nozuke, ki az pust meruyand. M. ba gayr az kafi dast, poshnai poy, pushti bugumhoi nokhundor, lab va baze qismhoi digar qarib tamomi badani odamro faro giriftaast. M. daroz (dar sar, zanakh, zeri nof, zeri kash), qilmonand (abruvon, mijgon va g.) va pashmakmonand (dar tamomi badan) meshavad. M. az tor, ki berun az pust va resha (dar zeri pust joy girifta, bo piyozaki muy intiho meyobad) iborat ast. Reshai M. yakjoya bo piyozaki on dar follikulai muy joygir buda, rohi gadudhoi charb ba on rafta merasand. Follikulai muy (gayr az follikulai M.-i qilmonand) doroi bandchai mushakhoi sufta ast, ki onho M.-ro bardoshta meistand va ba kholi shudani gadudhoi charb musoidat mekunand. Ba piyozaki muy pistonaki payvastbofta, ki bo raghoi khun va nakhhoi asab faro girifta shudaast, vorid meshavad.
M. asosan az keratin, ki sulfuru nitrogeni bisyor dorad, iborat ast. Rangi M. ba pigmenti tarkibash vobasta ast. Bo mururi sinnu sol miqdori pigment kam va taqsimoti on vayron meshavad, M. safed megardad. M.-hoi bepigment, odatan, safedand, ki onro albinizm menomand.
Sabzishi M. ba tufayli ziyod shudani hujayrahoi piyozak surat megirad. M. mohe taqr. 1 sm daroz meshavad. Vay muhlati muayyani sabzish doshta, pas az on merezad, ba joyash M.-i nav mebaroyad. Davomoti hayoti M.-i sari mardon ba hisobi miyona 2 sol, M.-i zanon 4 – 5 sol, davomoti sabzishi mijgon 3 – 5 moh meboshad. Har ruz ba hisobi miyona 30 – 50 tor muy merezad. Muayyan shudaast, ki M. bahoru tobiston nisbat ba zimistonu tiramoh va ruz nisbat ba shab teztar mesabzad. M.-i solim baquvvat va chandir ast (M. 100 – 200 g borro bardoshta metavonad). Ba chandirii M. ravgane, ki gadudhoi charb ikhroj menamoyand, musoidat mekunad.
Ba suratu davomoti sabzish va khususiyathoi M. omilhoi gunogun tasir merasonand: sinnu sol (M.-i pironsolon borik va sabzishi onho sust meshavad), holati asabiya va uzvhoi endokrini, jarayoni mubodilai moddaho dar organizm, khususiyati gizo, nigohubini M. va g. Az tasiri harorat, ishqor (spirti navshodir, karbonati natriy, sobuni jomashuy va g.) tarkibi M. tagyir yofta, on kamquvvat va murd meshavad. Ikhroji barziyodi charbi pust va tagyir yoftani tarkibi khimiyavii on, ki dar natijai vazi noguvori asabu uzvhoi endokrini ba amal meoyad, boisi sercharbii M., zud iflos va chaspak shudani baze torhoi on megardad. Dar natijai az bemori yo nigohubini nodurust (zud-zud shustan, istifodai obi durusht, atr, mahlulhoi spirtnoki ravganbar, sobuni ishqordor, tez-tez jingila kardan) sust gardidani kori gadudhoi charb M. az had ziyod mekhushkad. CHunin M. khirayu bejilo buda, zud merezad va monandi muqalam tit meshavad.
Kasalihoi muy. Ikhtiloli faoliyati gadudhoi charb dar barobari tagyir yoftani khususiyati M. boisi dar pusti sar paydo shudani qabati ravgan yo sabusak niz megardad, ki onho alomati seboreya meboshand. Ikhtiloli sabzishi M. va bo M.-i nav ivaz gashtani on, ki binobar sababhoi gunogun ba amal meoyad, ba rekhtani M. (to darajai tosshavi) yo baraks, ba sabzishi barziyodi on ovarda merasonad.
Kallapushhoi vaznin va tang, mudom pushida gashtani mui oriyati rekhtani M.-ro ziyod mekunand. Muddati duru daroz sari luch dar oftob gashtan niz joiz nest, zero on sababi khele khushku murd shudani M. megardad. Dar mavsimi zimiston niz sarluch gashtan zarar dorad, chunki harorati past ikhtiloji raghoi boloi pustro ba amal meorad, dar natija gizogirii M. kohish meyobad. Tasiri omilhoi gunoguni angezish (mas., nodurust taroshidani muy) boisi qat shudan va ba daruni pust sabzidani on (muyhoi fururafta) va minbad rukh namudani iltihob megardad. Aksar vaqt hangomi kasalihoi zanburugii pust – mikrosporiya, trikhofitiya, tossari tarkib va butunii M. khalal meyobad.
Dar mavridi hama guna kasalihoi M. ba dukhtur murojiat kardan zarur ast.
Nigohubini muyro boyad yakjoya bo tadbirhoi mustahkam namudani organizm – khobi mutadil, sayrugashti harruza, khuroki sergizo, varzish, obutobdihi amali sokht.
SHustani muy. M.-i ravganinro haftae 1 marotiba, M.-i khushku mutadilro dar 10 – 14 ruz 1 marotiba meshuyand. Baroi shustani M., novobasta ba holati on, az obi narm (forig az namakhoi kalsiy, magniy, ohan), ki bo rohi jushondan yo ba ob ilova namudani tanakor (1 qoshuqcha ba 1 l ob) hosil karda meshavad, istifoda mebarand. Baroi M. makhsusan obi haror. 50 – 55°S musoid ast. Ba M. bevosita sobun zadan lozim nest, chunki vay oseb meyobad (behtarash bo kafki sobun shust). Ba M. az had ziyod sobun molidan niz ziyon dorad, zero on khushkida zudshikan meshavad. Baroi nigoh doshtani rang, jilo va chandiri M.-i mallaro badi shustan bo jushobi bobuna, M.-i siyohro bo obi sirkodor (1 qoshuq sirko ba 1 l ob) mechayqonand.
M.-ro bo sobuni jomashuyi naboyad shust. M.-i khushkro bo sobunhoi serravgan (mushkin, kosmetiki va g.) meshuyand. Az zardii tukhm, ki dar on moddahoi ravganmonand bisyor ast (zardii tukhmro az safediash judo karda, bo obi garm meomezand) yo jurgot (onro ba M. ba miqdori ziyod molida, 5 – 10 daq. sarro bo ruymol basta memonand va bad M.-ro bo obi garm mechayqonand) istifoda burdan mumkin ast. Baroi ravganin shudan ba M.-i khushk chand soat pesh az shustan ravgani garmi rastani (kanadona) memoland. Baroi shustani M.-i khushk az sobun yo khamirai sulseni istifoda burdan mumkin ast (mohe yak bor). M.-i khushkro bo obe, ki sharbati limu yo sirko dorad (1 qoshuq ba 1 l ob), chayqondan muvofiqi maqsad ast.
M.-i ravganinro bo hama navhoi sobun (qatroni, shampun, sobuni obaki va g.) metavon shust. Ba joi sobun khardalro niz istifoda burdan mumkin ast. 2 – 3 soat pesh az shustani M.-i ravganin ba pusti sar molidani shirai sabr (aloe), sabzi, piyoz yo vasoiti makhsus – arnikol, karmazin, biokrin, biotol naf dorad. Baroi chayqondani M.-i ravgani jushobai giyohhoi dorui maslihat doda meshavad. YAk qoshuq omekhtai giyohho (miqdori barobari joykahak, buimodaron, pustlokhi bulut)-ro ba zarfe andokhta obi jushida (1 l) merezand va boloyashro pushonda, 1 soat dar daruni degi obash jushidaistoda memonand. Bad onro mepoloyand va khunuk mekunand. Baroi chayqondani M.-i behad ravganin az obe, ki spirti navshodir dorad (1 qoshuqcha ba 1 l ob), istifoda burdan mumkin ast.
Ba odamoni pirsol maslihat doda meshavad, ki sifathoi ba in sinnu sol khosi M. (boriki, murdi, khushki, zudrezii on)-ro ba nazar girifta, 20 – 30 daq. pesh az sarshuyi ba on omekhtai zardii tukhmu ravgan (zardiro bo ravgani rastani khub meomezand) moland, sarro avval bo ruymolchai polietileni, bad bo ruymoli muqarrari bandand. Sarro bo kafki sobun meshuyand. Baroi on ki M.-i safed rangi dilkashi nuqrafom girad, onro bo obi sinkador metavon chayqond.
M.-ro ehtiyotkorona va bo sachoqi narm khushkondan lozim. Ba in maqsad istifodai fen maslihat doda nameshavad, zero on M.-ro az had ziyod mekhushkonad. Sarro khushk nashuda bastan lozim nest. Dar pirsoli badi shustani M. va khushkondani on kame krem molidan mufid ast (on muyro ravganin va jilodor mekunad).
SHona kardani muy. M.-ro bodiqqat va durust shona kardan zarur ast. Hangomi dagalona shona kardan, M. mekanad, gireh mezanad, monandi muqalam tit meshavad. M.-i kutohro az bekhash, M.-i darozro az nugash sar karda shona mekunand. Baroi shona kardan, behtarash chutkai qilash tabii istifoda burda shavad. Agar M. bisyor rezad, onro bo shonai dandonsirak shona mekunand. Az chutkai polietileni va chutkahoi az dig. mavod sokhtashuda boehtiyot istifoda mebarand, chunki onho ba M. oseb rasonda, pustro angezish medihand. M.-ro sakht kashidan va shona kardan, inchunin sakht boftan zarar dorad. Mashi harruzai sar mufid ast. Bo in maqsad har ruz onro 5 – 7 daq. bo harakati davrashakli angushton (az farqi sar to poyon va ba hama tarafhoi on) mash mekunand. Az chutkahoi makhsusi massohi niz istifoda burdan mumkin ast. SHonayu chutkai har kas boyad alohida boshad; onhoro boyad shusta, bo spirti navshodir toza kard.
Kutoh kardani muy ahamiyati gigieni va estetiki dorad. Kutoh kardani muy az davrai shirkhoragi ogoz meyobad. M.-i avvalini kudak bequvvatu borik buda, ba nigoh doshtani on zarurate nest. Mardho dar 3 – 4 hafta yak marotiba, zanho az rui zarurat M.-i khudro kutoh mekunand. Kutoh kardan va taroshidani M. sabzishi onro behtar namegardonad.
Taroshidani rishu muylab ba mardon az 19 – 20-solagi tavsiya doda meshavad. Vobasta ba sabzishi M. rishu muylabro har ruz yo ruzdarmiyon megirand. Bo in maqsad az rishtaroshaki almosi, poku yo rishgiraki elektri istifoda mebarand. Rishgiraki elektri dar barobari giriftani rish pustro mash niz mekunad. Pesh az rishgiri bo rishtaroshaki almosi yo poku bo chutkacha ba pust kafki garmi sobun memoland (baroi in behtarash az kremi rishtaroshi istifoda kard). Krem M.-ro narm karda, pustro az angezish emin medorad, lagzishi rishtaroshak oson megardad. Rishro boehtiyot (pustro andake kashida istoda) metaroshand. Hangomi rishgiri bo rishgiraki elektri ba pust sobun namemoland. Baroi peshgiri namudani angezishi pust pesh az rishgiri ba on upoi ravganin mezanand. Hangomi az rishgiraki elektri istifoda burdan, onro ba pust andake pakhsh karda, davrashakl harakat medihand. Ba joyhoi buridai pust atr, losyon, spirt yo yod memoland. Badi rishgiri pustro bo losyon va dig. mahlulho pok mekunand, ruyro avval bo obi garm, sipas bo obi khunuki sirkodor (1 qoshuqcha ba 2 istakon ob) meshuyand; baroi pusti khushk losyon, gulob yo obi mushkin tavsiya doda meshavad. Bad ba pusti ruy yak qabati tunuk kremi makhsusi doroi vitamini «G» memoland. Agar pust angezish yobad, pas az taroshidani rish ba vositai mahluli 1-foizai rezorsin, jushobai reshai guli khayri (dokai 3 – 4-qabataro ba mahlul tar karda, obashro kame mefishurand va bad 5 – 7 daq. dar boloi pust nigoh medorand) pustro tarbandi mekunand. Badi rishgiri ba pust upo zadan tavsiya doda meshavad. Baroi on ki pust siroyat nayobad, hangomi rishgiri ba qoidahoi behdosht qatiyan rioya boyad kard. Sachoqchaho boyad tozayu darzmolkarda boshand; chutkachai navi rishgiriro peshaki 5 – 6 soat dar mahluli gafsu garmi sobuni jomashui nigoh doshta, bad shustan lozim.
Mui zeri kash va zihorro mohe yak marotiba boyad chid. Agar pust angezish yobad, dokaro ba mahluli kislotai borat (1 qoshuqcha ba 1 istaon ob) tar karda, 5 – 10 daq. ba rui pust memonand.
Jingila kardani muy bo usuli permanenti yo bo rohi khunukokhunuk khobondani on ba amal ovarda meshavad. Permanenti chi garm va chi khunuk (khimiyavi) muyro der vaqt jingila nigoh medorad. Ammo dar ayni hol M. chandirii khudro gum karda mekhushkad. Hangomi permanenti garm M.-ro ba gilzahoi filizi pechonda dar asbobi makhsus, ki dar on harorat bo yorii jarayoni elektr to 90°S merasad, muddati daroz garm mekunand. In boisi behad khushkidan, zudshikani va rekhtani M. (bazan to haddi tosshavi) megardad. Az in ru, jingilakunii permanentii garm ba onhoe, ki M.-i khushku borik dorand, tavsiya doda nameshavad. Moddae, ki hangomi jingilakunii khimiyavi istifoda meshavad (kislotai tioglikol), sokhti M.-ro tagyir medihad, dar natija on kamquvvat megardad. Dar davrai shifoyobi az bemorihoi siroyati, dar okhiri davrai homilagi, hangomi hayz permanentkuni tavsiya doda nameshavad. Baroi M. jingilakunii khunukokhunuk bezarar ast. M.-ro mustaqilona ba mutobak (bigudi) pechonda, jingila kardan mumkin ast. Hangomi pechondani M. pivo istifoda burda meshavad. Onhoe, ki mui borik dorand, boyad mutobakhoro pesh az khob kushoda girand. Baroi nigoh doshtani oroishi M. az loki muy niz istifoda mekunand.
Rang kardani muy. Baroi rang kardani M. az ranghoi naboti istifoda burdan behtar ast. Marhami muy, ki baroi barqaror kardani rangi aslii muyhoi safed peshbini shudaast, surb dorad, az in lihoz onro muddati ziyod istifoda kardan khub nest. Istifodai marhami muy ba zanhoi homila va bachamakkon, onhoe ki giriftori bemorihoi gurdaand, man ast.
Nigohubini abru va mijgon. Mijgoni zichu daroz husnro meafzoyad. Baroi mustahkam namudani mijgon va sabzishi onho bo yorii chutka, ki ba ravgani kanadona tar karda shudaast (chand qatra vitamini A niz hamroh kardan mumkin), ohista mash kardani pilkhoi chashm mufid ast. Hangomi mash ehtiyot shudan lozim ast, ki ravgan ba daruni chashm nadaroyad (in metavonad boisi angezishi multahima gardad). Ravgani oftobparast, vazelin, ravgani zaytun yo magzi shaftolu niz mijgonro narm karda, sabzishi onhoro behtar megardonad. Alalkhusus badi muddati tuloni istifoda burdani rang, ki dar natija mijgonho murd va khushk meshavand, istifodai ravgan muvofiqi maqsad ast. Mijgonro bo ranghoi shustanashavanda (dar kabinethoi kosmetiki) va tushhoi harranga (siyoh, qahvarang, kabud, sabz, bunafsh) vobasta ba saru libosi zan, rangi chashmu muy, rushnoi va g. rang mekunand. Tushro boehtiyot (to in ki ba chashm nadaroyad) bo yorii chutkacha ba mijgoni khushk az bolo ba poyon (az pilki chashm to nugi mijgon) memoland. Pesh az khob tushro toza mekunand, vagarna mijjaho meshikanand va meaftand. Tushro bo yorii ravgani rastani, kremi gizobakhsh yo obi garm toza boyad kard. Bo obu sobun shustani mijgon maslihat doda nameshavad, chunki in ba khushk shudani pusti pilki chashm, paydoishi chin va rekhtani mijgon ovarda merasonad. Abruvonro bo qalami makhsus rang mekunand. Baroi ba abruvon shakli dilkhoh bakhshidan, yak qismi mui onro bo muychinak kanda mepartoyand. Tez-tez va dagalona kandani mui abruvon (makhsusan agar muyho ba rafti sabzishi onho kanda nashavand) boisi gazaki pust va bo mikrobhoi moddaovar siroyat yoftani on shuda metavonad. Az in ru, in korro dar kabinethoi pardozgari ba jo ovardan behtar ast.
M. S. Isoev,
H. J. Usmonova.
KL
Rasmi 1. Tarhi sokhti muy va boftahoi atrofi on.
1 – tori muy; 2 – qabati shokhii epidermis; 3 – hujayrahoi daruntarini pustparda (bazalti), hujayrai khornok, hujayrai donador va jilodori qabati epidermis; 4 – pust; 5 – gadudi charb; 6 – piyozaki muy; 7 – follikuli muy; 8 – pistonaki muy; 9 – hujayrai zeripusti; 10 – mushake, ki muyro rost mekunad.
Rasmi 2. Namudi mikroskopii mui khushk: dar bolo nugi chutkashakl titshudai muy; dar poyon – tori muy, ki ba shokhaho judo shudaast.

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