MISKAVAYH, Abuali Ahmad ibni Muhammad ibni YAqub

MISKAVAYH, Abuali Ahmad ibni Muhammad ibni YAqub (taqr. 932 – 17. 02. 1030), tabib, muarrikh, riyozidoni mashhur. Dar vajhi tasmiya va tarzi durusti talaffuzi nomash ham tanoquzi oro ba chashm mekhurad. Dar sarchashmahoi forsi, ba vija osori muhaqqiqini navin «Mushkuya» menomand va gohe dar shakli «Mushkuyai Rozi» ham nom burda meshavad. Barkhe bar on aqidaand, ki «Miskavayh» bar on sabab nom giriftaast, ki mushkro bisyor dust medoshtaast va in voja dar arabi ba gunai «Misk» mustamal ast. Pasvandi «vayh» ba hamon shakli forsi-tojikii khud boqi mondaast. «Mushkuya», bino bar rivoyati digar, makhuz az nomi shahrake boshad voqe dar nazdikii Ray dar rohi Sova. Ammo in aqida mavridi taammul ast. Ba har surat, khudi M. dar osorash kheshro beshtar dar shakli «Abualii Miskavayh», «Abuali Ahmad ibni Muhammad Miskavayh» zikr kardaast. Az in barmeoyad, ki «Ahmad» nomi u buda, «Miskavayh» laqabash ast.
Dar borai zindagii M. ham chandon malumoti purra dar dast nest, ba juz on navishtahoi parokanda va malumoti mukhtasare roje ba in yo on sahifai faoliyati ilmi va siyosii u, ki dar manobei kuhan ba chashm barmekhurand. Muallifoni in sarchashmaho uro «hakim, faylasuf, muarrikh, riyozidon, muhandis, zabonshinos, adib, shoir, navisanda, shakhsi bisyor ogoh az nomahoi qadim va zabonhoi boston, mutakallim, munaqqida» va g. muarrifi kardaand. Ilova bar in, uro unvonhoi «Hozin» (mudiri kitobkhona, khazinadori kitobkhona) va «Nadim» dodaand va unvoni duyumi az on ast, ki hamnishini chand tan az podshohoni Oli Buya bud.
M. dar ibtido az payvastagoni vaziri Muizzuddavla – Abumuhammadi Muhallabi budaast va dar nazdi u vazifai khozinii kutubi uro ado mekard. Pas az on M. dar khidmati Ibni Amid (vaf. s. 971) va pisarash – Abulfathi Zulkifoyatayn ham budaast. Ibni Amid, ki nafaqat chun siyosatmador, balki hamchun shakhsi fozil, chiradast dar adab va balogatu fasohati zaboni arabi shuhrat dorad, kitobkhonai mashhure bino karda bud bo tedodi ziyodi kutub. M. vazifai kitobdori in kitobkhonaro ba uhda dosht va ba qavli u tedodi kutubi on besh az 100 ushturi borkash bud. Pas az margi fojiabori Abulfath u ba khidmati Azududdavla makhsus gasht va dar darbori u ba haysi nadim va khozini u ifoi vazifa kard.
M. umri daroz did, ki on taqriban barobar ba yak asr ast. Dar tuli in umri bobarakati khesh osori ziyodero talif kardaast, ki tedodi onro besh az 30 kitob donistaand. Kitobhoi «Mukhtasaru-n-nabzi» va «Kitob fi-l-adviyati-l-mufradati» dar bobi tib meboshand.
Ad.: Donishnomai somoniyon, j. 1, Hujand, 2008.