MIKROIQLIM

MIKROIQLIM, iqlimi qitahoi khurdi rui zamin (M. – i voha dar biyobon, joyhoi kholii besha, dara, soy va g.), ki bo sharoiti obu havoi khosi khud az mintaqai iqlimii mavjuda farq mekunad. SHaroiti iqlimi suniero, ki dar garmkhonaho, obanborhoi suni, binoho, inchunin dar naqliyot, kishtihoi kayhoni va stansiyahoi madori ba vujud ovarda meshavad, niz M. menomand. M. majmui omilhoi tabii (harorat, nami, gardishi havo, fishori atmosfera, rushnoi)-est, ki ba organizmi odam, qobiliyati mehnati, salomati va kayfiyati u tasir merasonad.
M. qisman ba relefi mahal niz vobasta ast. Nishebii mahalhoi samti janub va janubi garbi nazar ba nishebii tarafi shimol oftobruya va garmtarand. Harorati mavzehoi baland va nisheb az yakdigar farqi kulli dorad. Odatan, dar pastiho havo khunuktaru sernam buda, M.- i in guna mahalho ba salomati chandon musoid nest. Relefi mahal ba quvva va samti shamol tasir rasonda, gardishi havoro muayyan mekunad. Sifati khok niz ba M. tasiri muayyan merasonad. Zamini sanglokh sakht tafsida, ba havo garmii ziyod medihad; regkhok va havoi boloi on boshad, ruzona sakht tafsida shabona zud khunuk meshavad; siyohkhok nisbat ba safedkhok energiyai oftobro beshtar furu mebarad, binobar in ziyodtar metasfad. Nabotot va obanborhoi kushoda haroratro dar ruzhoi garmi tobiston mutadil mekunand. Dar halli masalahoi bisyore, ki ba intikhobi joyhoi sokhtmoni manzilgohho, mahalhoi aholinishin, sanatoriyaho, khonahoi istirohat, lagerhoi pioneri, inshooti sporti va shahrsozi vobastaand, ba nazar giriftani sharoiti M. va khususiyathoi mahal nihoyat zarur ast.
M.-i binohoi pushida ba omilhoi iqlimi atmosfera vobasta ast. Onho hangomi tartib dodani loihai bino, intikhobi masolehi sokhtmon, navi suzishvori, toza kardani havo va g. ba nazar girifta meshavand. Ba vujud ovardani M.-i suni ba bartaraf kardani iqlimi nomusoid va faroham ovardani sharoiti musoidi mehnat va maishati odamon ravona shudaast. Baroi ba vujud ovardani M. – i suni usulu vasoiti gunogunro ba kor mebarand. Dar vaqti tahiyai loiha va sokhtmoni binoho sharoiti iqlimu relefi mahal va vositahoi toza kardani havo ba nazar girifta meshavand.
Oid ba M.-i binohoi istiqomati nig. Manzil.

S. R. Miraliev.