MENYUI RAVZANAI PROGRAMMAI «ROHBALAD»

Tavre ki peshtar qayd namudem, dar satri duyumi ravzanai Rohbalad menyui on joygir shudaast. Menyui programma az yakchand bandho iborat ast, ki har kadomi on ba ijro namudani amaliyoti guruhi muayyan vobasta karda shudaast. Bandhoi menyui programmaro bo yake az tarzhoi zerin intikhob namudan mumkin ast:

1. Nishondihandai mushro ba bandi lozimi guzoshta, tugmai chapi onro pakhsh kardan. Masalan, agar nishondihandai mushro ba bandi Fayl guzoshta tugmai chapi onro pakhsh kunem, on goh zermenyui in band paydo meshavad. Dar zermenyu komandahoi ba in band taalluqdoshta nishon doda meshavand.
2. Dar klaviatura yakjoya pakhsh namudani tugmai Alt va tugmai harfe, ki nomi bandi menyu bo on sar meshavad. Masalan, agar tugmahoi Alt va F -ro yakjoya pakhsh kunem, on goh bandi Fayl intikhob karda meshavad. Pakhshi yakjoyai tugmahoi Alt va P bo-shad, bandi Pravka (Tahrir)-ro faol megardonad.

Bandi Fayl. Qayd kardan lozim ast, ki zermenyuhoi bandhoi menyui programma, vobasta az nishonahoi intikhobkardashuda, metavonand miqdori satrhoi gunogunro dar bar girifta boshand. Miqdori satrho boshad, ba imkoniyathoi amaliyotguzaronii zermenyu tasiri muayyan merasonad. CHunin vobastagiro dar misoli bandi Fayli menyui programma baralo didan mumkin ast (Rasmi 28 –a,b,c):

1. a) zermenyui bandi Fayli menyu hangomi faol nabudani nishonai yagon obekti ravzanai papka;
2. b) zermenyui bandi Fayli menyu hangomi faol budani nishonai yagon hujjati papka;
3. c) zermenyui bandi Fayli menyu hangomi faol budani nishonai yagon zerpapkai papka.

Hangomi faol gardonidani satri Otkrit (Kushodan)- i bandi Fayl:

1. agar nishonai yagon papka intikhob karda shuda boshad, on goh on kushoda meshavad;
2. agar nishonai yagon hujjat intikhob karda shuda boshad, on goh on baroi tahrir kardan tayyor karda meshavad.

Hangomi faol gardonidani satri Udalit (Nest kardan) obekthoi intikhobkardashuda ba Korzina (Sabad) partofta meshavand. Agar in satr dar yakjoyagi bo pakhshi tugmai Shift faol gardonida shavad, on goh obekthoi intikhob-kardashuda umuman az disk khorij karda meshavand.

Satri Pereimenovat (Az nav nom guzoshtan)-ro faol gardonida, mo imkoniyati ivaz kardani nomi nishonahoro paydo menamoem. Dar holati faol gardonidani satri Sozdat yarlik (YArlik sokhta shavad) boshad, baroi har yak nishonai obekthoi intikhobkardashuda, yarliki onhoro sokhtan mumkin ast. Satri Svoystva (Hosiyatho)-ro faol gardonida, a b c

Rasmi 28. Intikhobi bandi Fayl dar se mavridi gunogun mo imkoniyat paydo menamoem, ki bo khosiyathoi mavjudai obekti intikhobkardashuda shinos shavem va dar mavridhoi zaruri ba onho tagyirot vorid namoem.

Hangomi intikhob kardani satri Sozdat (Sokhtan)-i menyu zermenyui on paydo meshavad (Rasmi 29). Bo yorii in zermenyu dar dokhili papkai intikhobkardashuda zerpapka, yarliki obektho yo hujjati dilkhohro sokhtan mumkin ast.

Dar holati faol gardonidani satri Otpravit (Ravon kardan) zermenyui ba on vobasta paydo megardad. Agar dar zermenyui paydogardida komandai Disk 3,5 (A) faol gardonida shavad, on goh obekti intikhobkardashuda ba disket sabt karda meshavad. Hangomi faol gardonidani komandai Moi dokumenti boshad, obekti intikhobkardashuda ba papkai Moi dokumenti (Hujjathoi man) ravon karda meshavad. Dar bandi Fayl zerbandi Sozdat (Sokhtan) intikhob karda shudaast Aynan hamin tavr, komandahoi boqimondai satri Otpravit (Ravon kardan) baroi ba in yo on makon ravon kardani obekthoi intikhobkardashudai papka khizmat merasonand.

Bandi Pravka. YAke az bandhoi digari asosii menyui programmai Rohbalad bandi Pravka (Tahrir) ba hisob meravad. Ba in bandi menyu zermenyui dar rasmi 31 ovardashuda muvofiq meoyad. Az in rasm dida meshavad, ki rangi baze az satrhoi zermenyu siyohi baland buda, rangi qismi digarashon tirarang ast. In chunin mano dorad, ki holo tanho on amaliyotero amali gardonidan mumkin ast, ki onho dar satrhoi rangashon siyohi baland nishon doda shudaand. Dar satrhoi tirarang amaliyote nishon doda shudaand, ki onho baroi obekti intikhobkardashuda imkoniyati ijro shudan nadorand. Boyorii komandai Videlit vse (Hamaash judo karda shavad) mo

metavonem yakbora hamai obekthoi dokhili papkaro intikhob namoem. Bo yorii komandai Obratit videlenie (Inkori judokuni) boshad, amali judokunii obekthoi intikhobkardashudaro bekor namudan mumkin ast.

Dar holati faol gardonidani satri Virezat (Buridan) obekthoi intikhobkardashuda ba bufer ravona karda shuda, dar mavridi faol gardonidani satri Kopirovat Rasmi 30. Zerbandi Otpravit (Ravon kardan) dar bandi Fayli menyu Rasmi 31. Bandi Pravka (Tahrir) dar menyui Rohbalad 68 (Nuskhabardori kardan) boshad, tanho nuskhai in obektho ba bufer ravon karda meshavand.

Dar vaqti faol gardonidani komandai Vstavit (Gu-zoshtan) informatsiyai dar dokhili bufer mahfuzbuda ba obekti intikhobkardashuda joygir karda meshavad. Masalan, agar mo dar ravzanai Rohbalad yagon papkaro intikhob kunem va bad bandi Pravka va komandai Vstavit-ro faol gardonem, on goh obekti dar buferbuda ba dokhili papkai intikhobkardashuda joygir karda meshavad.

 EZOH:

Bufer gufta yak qismi khotirai favrii kompyuterro meguyand, ki on baroi muvaqqatan nigoh doshtani informatsiya khizmat merasonad.

Komandai Otmenit (Bekor kardan) baroi bekorkunii amaliyoti dar qadami peshtara ijrokardashuda khizmat merasonad. In komanda vaqte faol ast, ki

agar pesh az in bo obekt yagon amaliyot ijro karda shuda boshad.

Komandai Vstavit yarlik (YArlik guzoshta shavad) dar papkai intikhobkardashuda yarliki obekti dar bufer mahfuzbudaro mesozad.

Bandi Vid. Hangomi dar menyui Rohbalad intikhob namudani bandi Vid (Namud), dar ekran zermenyui on paydo meshavad, ki dar rasmi 32 Rasmi 32. Bandi Vid dar

menyui Rohbalad ovarda shudaast. Tavre ki peshtar bayon namudem, hangomi dar qismi chapi maydoni korii ravzanai Rohbalad intikhob namudani nishonai yagon papka, nishonahoi obekthoi dokhili on dar qismi rosti maydoni korii ravzana namudor meshavand. Bo yorii imkoniyathoi bandi Vid nishonahoi obekthoi dokhili papkaro bo chor usul inikos kardan mumkin ast:

 dar shakli Nishonahoi hajman kalon (Krupnie znachki);

 dar shakli Nishonahoi hajman khurd (Melkie znachki);

 dar shakli Ruykhati nishonaho (Spisok);

 dar shakli Tablitsai nishonaho (Tablisa).

Dar rasmhoi 33 va 34 muvofiqan nishonahoi obekthoi

. Rohbalad: Papkai Windows dar namudi Tablitsa dokhili papkai Windows dar shaklhoi Tablitsa va Nishonahoi hajman kalon inikos karda shudaand.

 Savolho:

1. Menyui ravzanai programmai khidmatii Rohbalad dar kadom qismi ravzana joygir shudaast?
2. Menyui programmai Rohbalad kadom bandhoro dar bar giriftaast?
3. Bandhoi menyui programmai Rohbaladro bo kadom tarzho intikhob namudan mumkin ast?
4. Miqdori satrhoi zermenyuhoi bandhoi menyui programmai Rohbalad az kadom omilho vobastagi dorand?
5. Komandahoi dar satrhoi zermenyui bandi Fayli menyui programmai Rohbalad ovardashuda baroi ijrokunii kadom amaliyot peshbini kar da shudaand?
6. Bandi Pravka (Tahrir)-i menyui Rohbalad kadom komandahoro dar bar giriftaast? Bandi Vid (Namud) chi?

Rasmi 34. Rohbalad: Papkai Windows dar namudi Nishonahoi hajman kalon

 Suporish:

1. Matni mavzuro bodiqqat khoned, mazmuni mukhtasari onro dar daftar navised va onro naql kuned.
2. Ravzanai papkai Rohbaladro kushoed va menyui onro muoina namuda gued, ki dar on kadom bandho joy doda shudaand.
3. Bandi Fayli menyui Rohbaladro hangomi faol nabudani nishonai yagon obekti Windows, hangomi faol budani nishonai yagon papka va zerpapkai in papka intikhob namoed va ba miqdori satrhoi zermenyuhoi dar ekran paydoshavanda ahamiyat dihed.
4. Bo yorii bandi Fayli menyui Rohbalad ravzanai papkai khususii khudro kushoed va onro az nav pushed.
5. Bo yorii komandahoi bandi Fayli menyui Rohbalad nomi yake az zerpapkahoi papkai khususii khudro ivaz namoed, se zerpapkai nav sozed va yake az onhoro nest kuned.
6. Az komandai Otpravit (Ravon kardan)-i bandi Fayli menyu istifoda burda papkai khususii khudro bo hamrohii zerpapkahoyash ba disket sabt namoed.
7. Az komandahoi bandi Pravka (Tahrir)-i menyui Rohbalad istifoda burda, fayli dilkhohi yagon papkaro intikhob namoed va nuskhai onro ba dokhili papkai khususii khud guzored.
8. Az komandahoi bandi Vid (Namud)-i menyui Rohbalad istifoda burda, nishonahoi obekthoi papkai khususii khud yo yagon papkai dilkhohi digarro bo usulhoi gunogun dar ekran inikos namoed.