MELENA

MELENA (Melaena; yun. melaina [nosos] – bemorii siyoh), najosati sip-siyohi badbuy; alomati asosii khunshorii surkhruda, meda va rudaho. M. mumkin ast dar natijai furu burdani khun, mas., hangomi khunravi az bini yo shush niz ba vujud oyad.
Sababi siyoh gashtani pasafkand dar on mavjud budani sulfidi ohan (dar ruda dar natijai tasiri mutaqobilai gemoglobin va gidrogensulfid hosil meshavad) ast. Najosat az istemoli baze doruho (karbolen, doruhoi ohandor) niz metavonad siyoh shavad, vale dar in guna mavridho on namudi muqarrari doshta, jilo namedihad. Usuli asosii tashkhisi M. mushohidai pasafkandi bemor ast. Agar in kor gayriimkon boshad, pas dar asosi malumoti sobiqai bemori (rangparidagii pust, kollaps, kam budani gemoglobini khun va g.) ba tahqiqi ruda (rektoroskopiya) dast mezanand.
M. dar navzodho haqiqi va durugin meshavad. M.-i haqiqi mumkin ast ruzhoi avvali hayoti kudak dar natijai ikhtiloli ravandi lakhtabandii khun sar zanad. Dar in guna mavridho hamzamon bo M. az nof khun meravad, pust va multahimai chashm surkh meshavad, kudak khun qay mekunad. Sababi M.-i durugin hangomi tavallud furu burdani khuni modar, makidani pistoni kafidayu khunrav va g. meboshad. Dar kudakoni nisbatan kalon M. binobar churrai surokhi surkhrudagii diafragma, vaseshavii varikozii venahoi surkhruda, kapillyarotoksikozi khunrez, zakhmi meda va rudai duvozdahangushta padid meoyad.
Dar surati ba mushohida rasidani M. bemor boyad be takhir dar shubai jarrohi bistari karda shavad. To in lahza ba mariz istemoli gizo man ast; baroi shikastani tashnagi obi khunukro jura-jura menushand; behtarash dar boloi shikam yakh yo yagon chizi khunuki digar guzosht.