Kuh

01.05.2019 177 Views

Kuh chist? Hama guna barjastagii sathi Zaminro kuh nameguyand. CHunin barjastagiho na faqat dar sathi khushki, inchunin dar kari ukyonus ham vomekhurand. Barchastagiero, ki balandii nisbii on az 200 metr ziyod nest va az mahali atrof kam farq mekunad, teppa meguyand. Teplaho alohida-alohida va qator-kator meshavand. Barjastagii khushkie, ki balandiash az 200 metr ziyod buda, doroi qulla, nishebi va domanakho ast, kuh nomida meshavad. Kukhhoi tanho dar tabiat nihoyat kam vomekhurand. Aksariyati onho qator- kator, pasi ham ba masofai khele ziyod tul kashidaand.

Relefi kuhi. Kuhho relefi murakkab dorand. Dar kuhho qullahoi baland va mavzehoy nisbatan past (agbaho) yakdigarro pay dar ham ivaz mekunand. CHunin tarzi tul kashidani kuhhoro qatorkuh menomand. Onho bazan nisbat ba yakdigar muvozy tul mekashand, ki bo khamihoi baynikuhy judo shudaand. In guna khamihoro vodi meguyand. Masalan, qatorkuhhoi Turkiston va Zarafshon az garb ba sharq qarib ba yakdigar muvozi tul kashidaand. Onhoro az yakdigar vodii Zarafshon judo mekunad. Ammo dar tabiat holathoi digari tulkashii katorkuhhoro niz mushohida kardan mumkin ast. Az jumla dar Pomir qatorkuhho ba samtkhoi gunogun tul kashidaand. Onho anbuhi kuhhoro tashkil kardaand, ki odam yakero az digar bo dushvori farq mekunad.

CHunin tarzi tulkashi va joygirshavii katorkuhhoro dar rui Zamin kuhiston menomand. Kuhho odatan masohati gunoguni sathi Zaminro ishgol menamoyavd. Daroziashon ham gunogun meshavad. Qatorkuhhoi daroztarini sathi Zamin Kordiler (ki dar Amerikai Januby And nomida meshavad) va Himoloy meboshand. Onho ba masofai hazorho kilometr tul kashidaand. Joyhoi az hama barjastatarini qatorkuhhoro kulla va joyhoi pasttarini onhoro agba meguyand. SHakli kullaho gunogun ast. Nugi onho tez taap qatorkuhhoi javon) va hamvor (dar qatorkuhhoi qadim)

meshavand. Balandii agbaho ham yak khel nest, az hazor to yakchand hazor metrro tashkil medihad. CHunin agbaho dar qatorkuhhoi Tojikiston bisyorand. Masalan, agbai Anzob (3372 m, dar qatorkuhi Hisor) va agbai SHahriston (3351 m, dar qatorkuhi Turkiston), ki ba vositai onho rokhi avtomobilgardi Dushanbe- Hujand amal mekunad. YOnahoi qatorkuhho ham khar khel meshavand: nishebi rostfaromada, moil, hamvor va zinashakl.

Farqi balandin kuhho. Kuhho na faqat bo darozi, samti tulkashi, gunogunii yonahoyashon, inchunin bo balandii khud az yakdigar farq mekunand. Balandii kuhho nisbi va mutlaq meshavad. Balandii amudii yak nuktai sathi Zaminro nisbat ba digarash balandii nisbi menomand. On nuqtaero, ki az sathi uqyonus s bahrho ba tavri amudi dar masofai muayyan voqe gardidaast, balandii mutlak, meguyand. Az in jihat kuhhoro ba se guruh judo mekunand: kuhhoi past, miyona va baland. Kukhoi- past gufta kuhhoero dar nazar dorem, ki balandin muglakya onho az 500 to 1000 metrro tashkil menamoyad. Masalan, qismi miyonai kuhhoi Ural, ki dar samti garbii shahri Ekaterinburg voqe gardidaast. Ba kuhhoy balandiashon miyona kukhhoe mansuband, ki balandii onho az 1000 to 2000 metr ast.

Kuhhoi Qurama, Belisiniq, Guzavd Burgana (dar shimoli Tojikiston) va yak qismi kuhhoi Tojikistoni Janubi Garby (Tuyuntog, Teraklltog, Qaragog) az qabili khamin guruhi kuhho meboshand. Kuhhoe, ki balandii mutlaqi onho az 2000 metr beshtar ast, kuhhoi baland hisob meyoband. Aksariyati kuhhoi Tojikiston ba hamin guruh dokhil meshavaid. Kuhhoi baland dar rui Zamin bisyorand. YAke az onho kuhi himoyaoy (tarjumaash “makoni barfho”) meboshad. Qullai balandtarini onro Everest (Jomolungma) menomand, ki 8848 metr balandi dorad. In qullai balandtarini rui Zamin meboshad. Qullai balandtarini Tojikiston qullai Ismoili Somoni dar kuhhoi Pomir voqe gardidaast. On az sathi bahr (balandii mutlak) 7495 metr baland ast. Kuhhoi past, miyona va baland dar kharitai tabiii geografi az rui pastu baland shudani rang farq karda meshavand. Mavqei geografii kuhhoro az rui kharita ba vositai shabakai darajadori koordinaty muayyan menamoyand.

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