KuRi

KuRi [Ca(e)citas], nobinoi, gum kardani quvvai bosira. Solhoi pesh dar Tojikiston dar bayni aholi sababi asosii K. bemorii nagzak (32,58% – i hamai nobinoyon), blennoreyai navzodho (iltihobi rimnoki luobpardai chashm, ki gonokokkho ba vujud meorand), bemorii pardai qarniyai chashm (24,3%), glaukoma (14%), trakhoma (8,7%) va g. budand.
K. du khel meshavad: K.- i mutlaq (vaqte ki odam rushnoiyu torikiro farq karda nametavonad) va K.-i nisbi (vaqte ki quvvai bosirai odam kamu besh boqi mondaast). Nobinoii nisbi ba nobinoii amali va istehsoli yo kasbi judo meshavad. Amalan nobinoyon odamoneand, ki mustaqilona, be kumaki yagon kas az joe ba joe harakat va sharoiti muhitro muayyan karda nametavonand, harchand dar onho quvvai bosira kamu besh mavjud ast, rushnoiro his karda, manbai nurro durust muayyan menamoyand, tarhi chizhoi kalonro farq mekunand. Tezii bosirai onho khele past ast (yane 0,05). Hangomi ba darajai muayyan mashq kardan in guna odamon bo mushkili boshad ham, mustaqilona harakat karda metavonand. Ba guruhi odamoni binoiyashon sust onhoero dokhil mekunand, ki quvvai bosiraashon az 0,05 to 0,3 meboshad. Hangomi nobinoni istehsoli bosira to ba darajae khalal meyobad, ki odam hatto bo istifoda az asbobhoi makhsusi optiki niz kor karda nametavonad. Sust gashtani bosiraro to ba darajae, ki shakhs faoliyati kasbiashro ijro karda nametavonad, nobinoii ikhtisosi menomand.
K. modarzodi va gayrimodarzodi meshavad. K.-i modarzodi natijai nodurust inkishof yoftani baze qismhoi magzi sar, asabhoi bosira, shabakiyai chashm meboshad. K.-i gayrimodarzodi hamchun orizai bemorihoi chashm (glaukoma, trakhoma, keratit, illati asabi bosira, mas., zahroludi az spirti metil va g.), inchunin bad az sadamai guzai chashm, osebi kosakhonai chashm, zarbulati kosakhonayu magzi sar inkishof meyobad. On beshtar dar natijai kasalii glaukoma va osebi chashm paydo meshavad. Az in ru, muassisahoi nigahdorii tandurusti baroi peshgirii bemorihoi chashm, makhsusan dar sanoat va kishovarzi, peshgiri va sarivaqt oshkor namudani amrozi chashm, khususan glaukoma, choraho mebinand
Baroi jalb kardani nobinoyon ba mehnati mufidi jamiyati va baland bardoshtani darajai farhangii onho Jamiyati nobinoyoni Tojikiston korhoi ziyodero amali megardonad. Ba azoii jamiyat odamon az 14-solagi, ki quvvai bosiraashon dar chashmi nisbatan sihat to 0,08 (bo aynak) ast va shakhsone, ki doirai nigohashon yakbora tang shudaast, qabul karda meshavand.
Hanuz dar solhoi avvali Hokimiyati SHuravi qonuni davlat dar borai bo kor tamin kardan va talimu tarbiyai kasbii nobinoyon qabul shuda bud. Qonun ba in guna shakhson imkoniyat dod, ki barobari odamoni bino khonand va mehnat kunand. Masalai bo kor tamin kardani nobinoyon purra hal shudaast. Nobinoyone, ki dar istehsolot kor mekunand, asbobhoi balandshiddat va pastshiddat, tajhizoti tekhnikai nur, masnuoti dastgohhoi barqi tayyor mekunand. Dar asosi tashkili durusti mehnat baroi onho sharoiti munosib va bekhatari kor muhayyo karda meshavad.
Bisyor nobinoyon ba mehnati fikri mashguland. Dar bayni onho muallimoni maktabho, artiston, shoironi boistedod va g. kam nestand.