Kitobi Tabiatshinosi baroi sinfi 5

Tabiatshinosi chiro meomuzonad?

Mo hama dar mavridi digargunihoi dar muhiti mo rukhdihanda tavajchukhu maroq zohir mekunem. Baroy on ki dar borai onho bidonem, mo hamesha chunin savolhoro peshkash mekunem: Ki? CHi? Kay?, Dar kujo? CHi tavr va CHaro?

Bachagon payvasta chunin savolho medihand: «Ana in chi ast?»> «Ana onash chist»? On savolhoro «Savolboron» menomand. Dodani chunin savolho ba dili onho name- zanad. Tavri misol: Baroy chy boron meborad? Dayvonho chy khel khunukihoi zimisto- naro pasi cap mekunand? CHaro mekhi ohanin zang mezanad? CHaro dar kuhho aksi sado meoyad? CHaro rui Moh megirad? CHi tavr bahrnavardon dar uqyonus joi qaror doshtani khudro muayyan mekunand?

Hamadonho, alohida jam ltuda, savolhoi baroyashon jolibro barrasi mekunand. Posukhhoro ba chunin pursishho mo metavonem dar darshoi sinfi 5 tavassuti fanni «TABIATSHINOSI» paydo namoem. In nom az du voja iborat ast: «Tabiat» va «SHi- nokhtan». Ba iborai digar shinokhtani tabiat, majmui donishho doir ba tabiag ast.

Muallifoni kitobi mazkur bo barobari bo harfi kalon navishtani vojai «Ta­biat» mehru muhabbati kheshro nisbat ba Tabiat izhor menamoyand va bovar bar on dorand, ki chunin ehsosot ba hamai khonandagon intiqol meyobad.

Tabiat chist? In hamai on chizest, ki moro ihota mekunad: havo, ob, Zamin, oda­mon, rastani, hayvonot, sayyoraho, Oftob, digar sitoragon va gayra. Tabiatro mo hamchunin odami muhit niz menomem.

Donishhoi nakhustinro dar borai Tabiat SHumo dar darshoi ««Tabiatshinosy»- hangomi tahsil dar sinfhoi 1-4 giriftaed. Vale donishhoi makhsusro dar borai Ta­biat SHumo dar sinfhoi boloy, dar darshoi biologiya, astronomiya, fizika, khimiya va geografiya faro khohed girift .

«Tabatshinosy» boyad baroyaton dar faro giriftani donishho roje ba Tabiat, ki insoniyat jam ovardaast, dar mavridi on ki bidoned: CHy tavr mo olami zistro his mekunem, mebinem va meshunavem; dar bora olami jinsho va moddaho, dar borai hodisahoi tabii va digargunihoe,ki dar atrofi mo rukh medihand; dar borai on ki charo dar sayyorai Zamin hayot hast, kumak khohad kard.

Odamon donishhoro dar borai Tabiat batadrij jam ovardaand. Niyogoni mo tanho ba chizhoe, ki baroi zindagy zaruru muhim meboshand, maroq zohir kardaand. Tabiat boshad ba odamon gizo, libos, joyi zist medihad. Odamon asrori tabiatro donista, yod giriftand:

• na tanho rastanihoi tabiati vahshiro istifoda barand, balki az onho navhoi navi rastaniro ba dast ovarand;.
• hayvonhoi vahshiro ba dustoni vafododoru sodiqi khesh – hayvonoti khonagy (ahli) tabdil dihand;
• kandanihoi foidanokro istikhroj va korkard namoyand;
• az rui gardishi sitoraho dar khushkivu bahrho samt yoband;
• az energiyai bod (shamol), obu bug, barq va shuoi oftob istifoda namoyand;

Inson digargunihoi tabiatro mushohida namuda, doir ba in hama ogoh gasht. Mushohidaho, hamchunin odamonro ba on bovar kunonidand, ki bisyor hodisahoi Tabiat yake ba digar vobastaand, zero ki onho yake az payi digar ba vuqu mepay- vandand. Dar natija imkon paydo gasht, to baze az hodisahoi Tabiatro peshguy na­moyand. Tavri misol, giriftani rui Oftob va Mokh,. Odamon kushidaand, to chunin hodisahoro sharh bidihand. Bad-in tartib tadrijan donishhoi ilmy paydo va jam shudaand. SHumo, tolibilmoni aziz, metavoned kitobhoi ilmivu ommavy, majallaho, qomusnomaho, farhangu lugatnomaho, kharitahoi osmoni sitorador, modeli asbobhoi gunogun, akshoro omukhta, tavri mufassal dar borai onho donista boshed.

Dusti navras! Tu boyad mushohida kardan ba digargunihoi olami moro ihotakunandaro yod bigiry va sababhoi cap zadani onhoro paydo namoy.

Mushohida kardan ba Tabiatro va khulosa barovardan az didahoyatro biyomuz. Dar ruz ba davomnokii ruz, samti shamol, harorati havo, dar vaqti nimaruz ba darozii soyai simchub nazora kun! Natijahoi mushohidahoyatro dar muddati 2-3 moh muqoisa kun va dar mavridi robitai mutaqobilai daroznokii ruz va harorati havo dar vaqti nimaruz khulosa baror.

CHunin mushohidaho ba odamon imkoniyat dodand, to ivaz shudani faslhoi sol, digargunihoi muvaqqatiro dar misoli zindagii rastanikhr va hayvonot sharh dihand. Donishho dar borai tabiat ba hama odamon zarur meboshand. Onho imkoniyati onro faroham mesozand, to odamon az hama sarvathoi Tabiat ehtiyotkorona istifoda barand, bo amalhoi noshoistai khesh ba on zarar narasonand.

Tabiatro dust dor va ehtirom namo va tu hama chizi dilkhohatro komilan ba dast meovary.

MUNDARIJA

Bobi I. Tabiat va rohhoi darki on

• 1. Olami tabii moro ihotakunanda…………………. 6
• 2. CHy tavr asrori tabiatro omukht……………………. 7

Mavodho baroikhonishi ilovagi………………………………. 10

• 3. Uzvhoi hisi inson.Javfi biny – uzvi shomma…. 11
• 4. CHy tavr mo mazaro ehsos mekunem………………….. 12
• 5. CHy tavr mo mebinem. CHashmho………………………… 14
• 6. CHy tavr mo meshunavem. Gushho………………………… 18
• 7. Pust. Ehsosi muhiti zist tavassuti pust………. 20
• 8. Magzi inson. Naqshi magz dar idrok……………… 22
• 9. SHevahoi idrok: mushohvda vatajriba………………. 25

Mavodho baroikhonishi ilovagy……………………………………. 29

Bobi II. Olami ashyo va jismho

• 10. Materiya. Modda va jism………………………………….. 37
• 11. Massa – kharakter istikai asosii hama jismho. CHen kardani vazni jism………………………………. 39
• 12. Tarkib, sokhtor va holati moddaho………………… 41
• 13. Harakati molekula va atomho. Diffuziya…………. 44
• 14. Elementnoy kimiyovy……………………………………. 45
• 15. Moddahoi sodda. Omekhtai moddaho…………………. 49
• 16. Moddahoi murakkab……………………………………….. 51
• 17. Ob- mahlulkunanda………………………………………..55
• 18. Moddahoi organiky………………………………………58

Mavodho baroikhonishi ilovagy………………………………….. 62

Bobi III. Hodisahoi tabiy

Mavodhoi baroi khonishi ilovagy………………………………… 67

• 19. Harakati mekhaniky……………………………………….. 69
• 20. Hodisahoi ovozy………………………………………….. 72
• 21. Hodisahoi garmy……………………………………………. 73
• 22. Ahamiyati bukhorshavii ob dar hayoti rastaniho, hayvonot va odam……………. 75
• 23. Hodisahoi barqy…………………………………….. 77
• 24. Hodisahoi magnity……………………………………… 81
• 25. Hodisahoi rushnoy……………………………………………. 84
• 26. Hodisahoi kimiyovy…………………………………………. 88

Mavodho baroi khonishi ilovagy……………………………………. 92

Bobi IV. Mo dar sayyorai Zam in zindagy mekunem.

• 27. Osmoni sitorador- kitobi kushodai tabiat……… 97
• 28. Oftob -sitorai ruzona……………………………….. 100
• 29.Sistemai oftoby va sayyoraho…………………………..102
• 30. Sayyorai Zamin- gahvorai insoniyat……………………. 108
• 31. Atmosfera – qishri osmonii Zamin. Harorati havo……. 119
• 32. Harakati havo. Borishot…………………………………………….. 128
• 33 .Ob- sarchashmai hayot dar rui Zamin……………………………… 134
• 34. Hok va ahamiyati on dar olami rastaniho……………………… 139
• 35. Olami hayvonot……………………………………………………………. 142

Mavodho baroi khonishi ilovagy…………………………………………………. 146

Namunahoi suporishhoi testy oid ba tabiatshinosy……………… 152

Tavsiyaho baroi tolibilmon oid ba sanjish va bahoguzorii donishhoyashon     154

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