KINOYa ChIST?

Kinoya kalimai arabi buda, manoi lugaviash sukhani pushida, pushida sukhan guftan; ramz va ishora ast. Dar ilmi bade nomi yake az sanathoi manavist. Kinoya chunon ast, ki shoir yo navisanda kalima yo iboraero istifoda menamoyad, ki ba manoi aslii khud ne, balki ba manoi aks omadaast. Dar in mavrid sharti asosi in ast, ki manoi asli va manoi ilovagi az jihati mantiqi va shabohat boyad ba ham nazdik boshand.

Masalan, «Dumi sagat kaj», «Obi dari khona qadr nadorad» kinoya az aybjui va beqadrii nazdikon meboshad. Kinoya az vositahoi bayon buda, dar on ifodai manoi haqiqi niz imkon dorad. Masalan, agar guem, ki «Darro zadam, devor kafid» ba manoi odame, ki haqiqati gapro nafahmida, gavgo mebardorad, ammo zadani daru kafidani devor ba manoi asli niz nazdik ast.

Kinoya yake az sanathoi seristemoli adabiyoti shifohi niz ba shumor meravad. Dar afsona, latifa va maqolu zarbulmasalhoi khalqi khele ziyod ba mushohida merasad. Chand misol: «Dami tabarro pakhta giriftaast», «Hamaro mon, ammaro mehmon kun».

Dar in bayti Mirzo Tursunzoda «mehmon» kinoya ast:

Fursati on ast, ki in «mehmon»
Tark kunad kishvari Hinduston.

Dar abyoti poyoni tabirhoi «Nafase to ba okhirat birasid», «Khudosh bardorad» va «Musulmoni hamin ast» – u «be dard» ba vazifai kinoya omadaand:

Shoh aspe ba shoire bakhshid,
Ki zi tundesh chashmi charkh nadid.
Bud tund in qadar, ki az dunyo
Nafase to ba okhirat birasid.
(Bisoti)

Raqib guft, ki aftodaam, maro bardor,
Duosh kardamu guftam: «Khudosh bardorad»
(Vozeh)

Gar musulmoni hamin ast, ki Hofiz dorad,
Voy agar az pasi imruz buvad fardoe.
(Hofiz)

Na har k-u zan buvad, nomard boshad,
Zan on mard ast, k-u bedard boshad.
(Nizomi)

SAVOL VA SUPORISh:
1. Kinoya dar lugatho ba kadom maniho meoyad?
2. Charo kinoyaro vositai bayon menomand?