KANALIZATSIYA

KANALIZATSIYA, majmui inshooti injeneri, tajhizot va chorabinihoi sanitari, ki jam kardanu az hududi mahalli istiqomat va korkhonahoi sanoati berun barovardani obhoi gandida, inchunin pesh az istifodai dubora sofu bezarar gardondani onhoro tamin mekunad. K. dokhili va beruni meshavad. K.-i dokhili baroi berun ovardan va to shabakai kanalizatsiyai beruni rasondani obhoi gandidai binoyu kuchaho khizmat mekunad. Unsurhoi asosii K.-i dokhiliro tajhizoti injeneri, gulbahoi obbar, stoyak (gulbahoi amudi)-ho va obravho tashkil medihand. K.-i beruni baroi berun az hududi mahalli istiqomat va korkhonahoi sanoati barovardani obhoi gandida peshbini shuda, gulbahoi gandaob, pyogohhoi nasosi va inshooti sofkoriro darbar megirad. Obhoi gandida az shokhahoi dokhili bino va kuchaho ba kollektorho jori shuda, sipas ba kollektori umumi hamroh meshavand. Dar K. gulbahoi safoli, asbestosementi, betoni va ohanubetoni istifoda meshavand. Dar amaliyai shahrsozi sistemahoi muttahida va alohidai K. mamul ast. Dar mavridi sistemai muttahidai K. hamai 3 toifai obhoi gandida (maishi, istehsoli va borishoti) tavassuti shabakai umumii gulbayu kanalho az hududi mahalli istiqomat berun karda meshavad. Mavridi sistemai alohidai K. obhoi boron va obhoi shartan sofi istehsoliro tavassuti yak shabakai gulbayu kanalho va obhoi gandidai maishivu istehsoliro tavassuti shabakai (yo shabakahoi) digar dur mekunand. Obhoi gandidai korkhonahoi sanoati badi dar inshooti sofkori toza kardan ba shabakai umumii K. hamroh meshavad.
Koftukovhoi arkheologi dar hududi Tojikistoni imruza nishon dodand, ki hanuz a-hoi 7 – 8 dar Panjakent, a-hoi 10 – 12 dar Hulbuk (vil. Hatlon), SHahriston va Hujand sistemahoi taminoti ob va K. vujud doshtand. Gandaobho bo vositai gulbahoi safolini zerizamini (diametrashon az 50 to 300 mm) va obpartohoi chuquriashon to 8 m (chun inshooti sofkori khizmat mekardand) jori meshudand.
Qoidahoi istifodai obhoi ruizamini va az iflosiho hifz namudani onhoro tashkilothoi umuri sanitariyu epidemiologi nazorat mekunand. Nig. niz Assenizatsiya.