Hazmi khurok dar kovokii dahon

Kovokii dahon. Dar kovokii dahon khurok chashida, mayda khoida va bo obi dahon tar meshavad. Dar mayda kardani khurok dandonho va zabon ishtirok mekunand. Odamoni kalonsol 32 dandon dorand. Sokhti onho vobasta ba vazifaashon gunogun ast.

Dar joghoi boloyu poyon az pesh chortoi dandonhoi pahni pesh joygirand. Badi onho az har du taraf yaktoi dandoni pesh va ashk joy giriftaast. Odam khurokro bo dandonhoi pesh va ashk megazad.

Az pasi dandonhoi ashk az har du taraf dutoi dandonhoi khurdi kursi va setoi dandonhoi kaloni kursi joygirand. Odam bo dandonhoi kursi khurokro mayda karda mekhoyad. Har yak dandon az resha, ki ba surokhii chuquri ustukhoni jog daromadaast, gardana, ki ba milk furu raftaast va ruykash, ki dar kovokii dahon joy giriftaast, iborat meboshad. Rui ruykashro siri sakhti dandon mepushonad, ki dandonhoro az farsudagi va dokhil shudani mikrobho muhofizat mekunad. Zeri sir moddai sakhti ustukhonmonand dentin mavjud ast. Daruni dandon kovok meboshad. Boftai payvandii magzi dandon kovokii dandonro pur kardaast, ki raghoi khun va asab dorad.

Kudaki navzod dandon nadorad. Taqriban az shashmohagikudakon dandoni shir mebarorand, ki dar sinni 8-12-solagi onho rekhta, bar ivazi on dandonhoi doimi mebaroyand. Jufti okhirini dandonhoi odam, yane dandonhoi aql, odatan dar sinni 24-26-solagi mebaroyand.

Khurok chi qadar bodiqqat mayda karda shavad, hamon qadar fermentho khubtar tayyor meshavand. Khuroke, ki khub khoida nameshavad, kori gadudhoi hozimaro dushvor namuda, boisi paydoishi bemorii meda megardand.

Dandonhoro ehtiyot kardan lozim ast. Baroi in rioyai qoidahoi gigienai peshgiri kardani farsudashavii dandonho – nashikastani chormagz, donak, nakhoidani ustukhon va qandhoi khele sakht, inchunin nakhurdani obi khunuk va yakhmos pas az khuroki garm tavsiya karda meshavad. Dar surati rioya nakardani qoidahoi behdoshti siri dandon kafida, ba moddai dandon mikrob dokhil meshavad. Dar natija dandon dard karda, ohista-ohista farsuda meshavad.

Boqimondahoi khuroke, ki dar miyoni dandonho jam meshavand, baroi afzoishi mikrobho muhiti musoid faroham meovarand.

Baroi bartaraf kardani onho har ruz pesh az khob dandonhoro toza kardan va bad az khurok dahonro bo obi shirgarm chayqondan lozim ast. Baroi toza kardani dandonho khoka va khamirai dandonshuii peshgirkunandai iltihobro ba kor burda, chutkaro muntazam sobunshu va obi garm chayqonidan ba mavrid ast.

Hatto hangomi kame zarar didani dandon zud ba dukhturi dandon murojiat kardan lozim ast. Dandoni zarardida ba bemorii siroyatii organizm musoidat mekunad.

Asbobhoi hozirazamoni tibbi va doruhoi navtarin ba dukhturon imkoniyat medihand, ki dandonhoro beozor muolija kunand. Mo hangomi khoidani khurok onro bo yorii zabon har taraf megardonem. Zabon retseptorhoi ziyode dorad, ki ba tufayli onho tam, khususiyathoi mekhaniki va harorati khurokro his mekunem.

Odam lazzati khuroki khushkro his karda nametavonad. Khurok dar dahon bo obi dahon tar meshavad. Onro se juft gadudi obi dahon va gadudhoi sershumori pardai luobii zabon va kovokii dahon judo mekunand. Gadudhoi obi dahon dar yak shabonaruz az 0,5 to 2 litr obi dahon hosil mekunand.

Obi dahoni odam fermentho dorad, onho karbogidrathoi murakkabro ba karbogidrathoi soddatarin tajziya mekunand. Obi dahon reaksiyai ishqorii past va moddai makhsusi besiroyatkunanda – lizosim dorand. Lizosim osebi luobpardai kovokii dahonro sihat mekunad.

Tarashshuhi gadudhoi obi dahon ba tavri refleksi dar natijai ba angezish omadani retseptorho tavassuti moddahoi khuroka ba amal meoyand. Retseptorho dar rui zabon va pardai luobii dahon joygirand. Az onho angezish tavassuti neyronhoi hiskunanda ba markazi luobjudokunanda, ki dar magzi darozruya joygirast meguzarad. Az in jo yakjoya bo neyronhoi harakatkunanda ba gadudhoi obi dahon guzaronda meshavad va onho obi dahon judo mekunand. Chunin ast kamonaki odditarini refleksi judokunandai obi dahon. Malum ast, ki obi dahon na faqat hangomi khurokkhuri, balki dar vaqti didani khuroki laziz, his kardani buyi on yo shunidani sadoi kosayu tabaq niz judo meshavad.

Furubari. Luqmai khurok az kovokii dahon ba halq va bad ba surkhruda – nayi khurdi amudi meguzarad. Dar vaqti furubari rohi halqro tagoyaki boloii halq mepushonad. Devorahoi surkhruda mavjvor kashish khurda, boisi ba meda harakat kardani khurok megardand. Luobe, ki surkhruda judo mekunad, harakati khurokro oson mesozad.

Savolho: 

1. Dar kovokii dahon chi khel tagyiroti khurok ba amal meoyad?
2. Sokhti dandon chi khel ast?
3. Charo dandonhoro ehtiyot va nigohubin kardan lozim ast?
4. Hangomi dar kovokii dahon maydashavii khurok obi dahon chi ahamiyat dorad?
5. Majroi kadom gadudho ba kovokii dahon kushoda meshavand?
6. Judoshavii obi dahon chi tavr tanzim karda meshavad?

 Kori amali:

Tasiri fermenti luobi dahon ba krakhmal (ohar) Tajhizot baroi amaliyot: krakhmali jushonidashuda, yod, luobi dahon. Dar sinf obi yoddor tayyor namuda oid ba fermenti luobi dahoni khudaton tajriba guzaroned. Dar chubchai gugird pakhta pechonida onro ba luobi dahon tar kuned, bo dokai krakhmalkardashudai luob

yagon harfro navised. Dokai hamvorkardashudaro 1-2 daqiqa dar dast nigoh dored to ki garm shavad. Dokaro ba obi yoddor joygir kuned. Joye, ki krakhmal dorad rangi kabudro megirad, joye, ki bo luob tar karda shudaast safed memonad, baroi on, ki krakhmal to ba qand tajziya shudan bo yod rangi kabud namedihad. In nishon medihad, ki luobi dahon krakhmalro ba qand mubaddal megardonad.