Harakati sitoplazma

Ba hujayra dokhilshavii moddaho: Agar bargchai rastanii obi – chilbandi obi (elodeya)-ro, ki beshtar dar akvariumho (zarfi shishagii makhsus sokhtashuda) parvarish mekunand, dar zeri mikroskop az nazar guzaronem, harakati sitoplazmaro dar hujayrahoi bargi on mushohida karda metavonem. Ba mudom amalkunandagii in harakat nigoh nakarda, mushohidai on dushvor ast. Zero, sitoplazmai har kadom hujayrai chilbandi obiro vakuola ba lifofa jafs kardaast. Plastidhoi sabzi hujayrai barg hamrohi sitoplazma ba qadi lifofai hujayra ba yak samti muayyan joy ivaz mekunand. Mo faqat tavassuti joy ivaz kardani in plastidhoi sabzrang harakati sitoplazmaro pay mebarem.

Harakati sitoplazmaro inchunin dar hujayrahoi muyaki rastanii khonagi tradeskansiya, ki dar asosi barg mavjud ast, nagz didan mumkin ast. Ammo dar in holat mo harakati sitoplazmaro na az rui joy ivaz kardani plastidhoi sabz, balki az rui moddahoi ilovagii gurushanok (donacha-donacha) pay mebarem.

Harakati sitoplazma baroi dar hujayra joy ivaz kardani moddahoi gizoi va havo kumak merasonad.

Odatan sitoplazmai yak hujayrai zinda az sitoplazmai digar khujayrahoi hamshafat judo nest. Torhoi sitoplazma az surokhchahoi khurdi lifofai hujayra guzashta, khujayrahoi hamshafatro bo ham mepayvandand.

Tamomi uzvhoi rastani – resha, poya, barg, gul va meva az hujayraho iborat buda, har kadom hujayra dar alohidagi juzi nihoyat khurdtarini tarkibii rastani ba hisob meravad.

Hujayraho ba hamdigar jafsand va bo moddai baynihujayravii makhsus, ki dar bayni lifofai hujayrahoi hamshafat mavjudand, payvast shudaand. Agar in moddahoi baynihujayravi vayron shavand, hujayraho az ham judo meshavand. CHunin hodisa dar sebi pukhta, tarbuzu pomidori pukhta ruy medihad. Kartoshkai jushonida az on sabab poshkhuranda ast, ki moddahoi baynihujayravii on hangomi jushonidan vayron va hujayraho az ham judo shudaand.

Har kadom hujayrai zinda nafas mekashad, gizo megirad va yak muddati muayyan mesabzad. Hujayraho moddahoero, ki baroi gizogiri va nafaskashiashon zarurand, tavassuti hujayrahoi hamshafatashon va javfhoi (kholigihoi) baynihujayravi megirand. Ba rastani boshad in moddaho az havo va khok dokhil meshavand. Qarib tamomi moddahoi hayotan zaruri hujayra dar namudi mahlul az lifofaash meguzarand.

Baroi donistani khosiyati lifofai hujayra chunin tajriba meguzaronem. Ba khaltachai polietileni mahluli seri qand yo namak merezem. Onro ba naychai shishagini puki surokhdor basta, khaltacharo ba stakani obi sofdoshta meguzorem.

Bad az guzashtani chand fursat khajmi khaltachai mahluldoshta ziyod shuda, sathash dar naychai shishagi az hududi avvalaash to andozai muayyan ba bolo mebaroyad.

In tajriba shahodat medihad, ki ba tufayli devori khaltachai polietileni obi dar stakan buda ba on dokhil meshavad va satkhi mahluli obi dar naycha baland meshavad.

Hamin tavr, ob va mahluli moddahoi baroi hayoti rastaniho zarur, aynan bo hamin roh az lifofai hujayra guzashta, ba sitoplazmai hujayra dokhil meshavand va dar faoliyati hayotii hujayrai rastany istifoda meshavand.

1. Harakati sitoplazmaro chi tavr mushohida kardan mumkin ast?
2. Harakati sitoplazma dar hujayraho baroi rastani chi ahamiyat dorad?
3. Dar rastani kadom uzvho mavjudand va onho az chiho iboratand?
4. CHaro hujayrahoe, ki rastani az onho iboratand, az ham judo nameshavand?
5. Ob va moddahoi gizoi ba hujayra chi guna dokhil meshavand?