HIJRATI MUHAMMAD AZ MAKKA BA MADINA

Sinni hazrati Muhammad ba panjoh rasida bud, ki du voqeai gamangez dar hayoti u ruy dod: avval zavjaash Hadicha, bad amakash Abutolib az dunyo chashm pushidand.

To zinda budani in du shakhs badkhohon ba Muhammad oshkoro dushmani sodir karda nametavonistand. Avlodi Hadicha, ki aksaran ashrofoni Makka budand, ba khotiri Hadicha dushmani khudro oshkor namekardand. Abutolib boshad, yake az mardoni mutabari Makka donista meshud tui va u sarparastu homii Muhammad bud. Pas az on ki Muhammad az dastgiriyu pushtibonii in du shakhsi buzurg mahrum shud, dushmaniyu  ozori ahli ashrofi Makka afzun gasht, Ammo Muhammad ba tahdidhoi onho ahamiyat namedod, ba in ruhi buzurg tarsu vahm begona bud. Vay targibotu davati mardumro ba dini islom davom medod. Dar ayyomi ziyorat az tamomi shahru mahalhoi Arabiston mardum ba Makka meomadand.

Muhammad, hamchun Paygambar, dar nazdi onho baromad karda, onhoro ba tark namudani butparasti va qabuli islom davat mekard. Ovozai dini islom ba tamomi qabilahoi arab pahn gasht. Habari davati Paygambari islom ba YAsrib ham rasid. YAk guruh az mardumi on jo ba Makka, nazdi Muhammad omadand.

Paygambar talimoti islomro ba onho fahmond, Talimoti islom ba onho mahqul shuda, hamai onho dini islomro qabul kardand va vada kardand, ki in dinro dar YAsrib pahn megardonand. Muhammad ba yoroni khud farmud, ki guruh- guruh ba tarafi YAsrib muhojirat kunand. Musalmonon yagon-yagon yo bo dastahoi chandnafari muhojirat ogoz kardand va dar YAsrib onhoro muhojir menomidand.

Vaqte ki khabar ba khodimoni Kaba rasid, khashmu gazabi onho boz ham avj girift. Onho qaror dodand, ki Muhammadro bikushand. Vaqte ki Muhammad az kasdi onho ogah shud, shabona pinhoni az khonaash khorij shud va hamrohi Abubakr az Makka ba YAsrib hijrat kard. Zameni hijrati Muhammad Paygambar baroi musalmonon ibtidoi davrai nav donista meshavad va soli 622 soli yakumi hijri muqarrar megardad. Ruze, ki Paygambar /s/ voridi YAsrib megardad, nomi shahrro ba Madinatu – r – Rasul, yane shahri Paygambar tabdil dodand, minbad dar shakli mukhtasar – Madina mashhur shud.

Mardumi Madina Muhammad /s/ -ro ba ehtiromi ziyod istiqbol namudand. Mardumi Madina az hodisai hijrati Muhammad va dushmaniyu taqibi qurayshiho ogoh shuda budand. Az in jihat ba istiqboli Paygambar na tanho onhoe ki dini islomro qabul karda budand, balki onhoe ham, ki hanuz shubha doshtand, shitoftand.

Dar Madina qabilahoi arabii Avs va Hazraj va namoyandahoi dinhoi yahudiyu masehi iqomat doshtand. Gayr az in qisme az aholii Madina dini islomro pazirufta budand,ki onhoro ansor menomidand. Muhammad /s/ dar fikri on bud,ki payravoni dini islomro ziyod namoyad. Muhojirone, ki az Makka omada budand,bo ansor, yane musulmononi Madina muttahid gardidand. Onho avvalin ummatoni Muhammad paygambaru dini islom budand.

Muhammad bo payravoni khesh dar Madina masjid sokhtand. Paygambar barobari khama dar sokhmoni masjid ishtirok karda az hej kor ruy namegardond. Hoksoriyu mehnatdustii vay odamoni ziyodero dar atrofash jam menamud.

Mukhammad /s/ dar fikri jam namudani molu sarvat nabud. U dar borai oromii khud va payravonash fikr mekard. Az minbari masjid Paygambar in aqidahoyashro ba mardum ibroz medosht. Vay tarafdoronashro ba ittihod, barobari, gamkhori dar haqqi hamdigar va aftodagonu benavoyonu yatimon davat mekard. Mukhammad /s/ notiqi bomahoratu otashsukhan bud. U sohibi qudratu jozibae bud,mardumro ba sui khud jalb karda metavonist. Az in khotir yak muddati kutoh tamomi aholii Madina va qabilahoi atrofii on ba Mukhammad /s/ payvastand va dini islomro qabul kardand.

Digar maqsadu maromi Paygambar dar on bud, ki bo yahudiyon, masehiyon sozish kunad. Az in khotir davat kard,ki dar ibrozi aqida yahudiyonu masehiyon va musalmonon barobar boshand, zero on jo, ki ozodii aqida nest, nobovariyu tarsu vahm hukmfarmo megardad, joe,ki bovariyu etiqod ast, ittifoqro mustahkam megardonad.

Muhammad /s/ miyoni muhojironu ansor qarordode navisht, ki barobariyu ittifoqi onhoro mustahkam mekard va hamkorii onhoro dar amaliyoti oyanda tamin mesokht.

Suporish va savolho.

1. CHaro hazrati Muhammad az Makka ba Madina hijrat kard?
2. CHaro aholii YAsrib (Madina) uro khush istiqbol namudand?