Gunogunshaklii rastanihoi luchtukhm

Az rastanihoe, ki to alhol shinos shudaed, luchtukhmon bo doshtani tukhm farq mekunand. Inchunin, luchtukhmon az ushnaho, chilband va sarakhsho bo on farq mekunand, ki dar onho baroi bordor shudani hujayratukhm qatrai ob hamchun omili muhim digar zaruriyat nadorad. In holat ba rastanihoi luchtukhm imkon dod, ki dar min- taqahoi gunoguni rui Zamin nashunamo kunand g.a jangalhoi anbuhro ba vujud ovarand.

Ravandi bordorshavi dar hamai rastanihoi tukhmhosilnakunanda agar dar ob guzarad, dar rastanihoi luchtukhm ravishi afzoishi jinsi ba mavjudiyati muhiti obi ehtiyoj nadorad. Ravandi bordorshavii luchtukhmon hatto dar sharoiti biyobon ham amali gashta metavonad.

Hamai rastanihoi luchtukhmi dar ayni zamon nashunamokunanda va namoyandagoni qadimayu nobudshudai onho odatan rastanihoi buttagi va darakhti meboshand. SHaklhoi alafii onho nomalumand. Aksari in rastaniho chun sutun ba bolo (rost) qad kashida, balan- dii qadi onho az yakchand metr to 40-50 m va dar baze namoyandago- ni on to 100 m merasad. Baze namudhoi rastanihoi luchtukhm sershokhronda buda, barghoyashon suzanshakl yo pulakchamonandi hamesha- sabz (yo dar baze namudho bargashon har sol khazon meshavad) meboshad. Guruhi digari rastanihoi luchtukhm shokhroniashon kam va barghoyashon nisbatan kaloni parshakl meboshad.

Dar bayni luchtukhmon rastanihoi suzanbarg mavqei namoyonro doro meboshand. CHunin nom giriftani onho az rui shakl va sokhti bargashon barmeoyad.

Rastanihoi suzanbarg dar ayni zamon ziyoda az 560 namudro dar- bar megirand. Onho dar qismi shimolii Avrupo, Osiyo, Amerikai SHimoli beshazorhoe paydo mekunand, ki beshtar mansubi in yo on namudi judogonaashon meboshand. Dar baze holatho onho bo rastanihoi pahnbarg yakjoya nashunamo karda, beshazorhoi omekhtaro ba vujud meovarand. Rastanihoi suzanbarg inchunin dar qismi janu- bii kurai Zamin, khususan dar mintaqahoi iqlimashon mutadili Zelandiyai Nav, Avstraliya va Amerikai Janubi niz vase pahn shudaand.

Namoyandagoni qadimtarini suzanbargon dar natijai hodisavu ravandhoi nomatlubi geologi aksaran nobud shuda, dar ayni zamon guruhi kami onho dar sohilhoi Uqyonusi Orom (khususan, dar qismi janubu sharqiash), Hitoyi Markazi, Tayvan, YAponiya, Kaledoiiyai Nav, Tasmaniya, Gvineyai Nav, janubi CHili va gayraho boqi mon- daand.

Suzanbargon dar zaminhoi regzor, kuhhoi ohaksangdor, tarqishi shakhporahoi uryon (luch), botloqho va pastkhamihoi kuhsoron beshtar vomekhurand.

Suzanbargon nisbat ba ravshanii oftob talaboti gunogun dorand. Az in ru, onhoro ba darakhtoni soyadust va ravshanidust judo mekunand.

Dar Tojikiston az rastanihoi suzanbargi khudruy asosan archa va sarv beshtar mamul ast.

Bisyor namoyandagoni rastanihoi suzanbarg, agarchi namudhoi mu- qimii Tojikiston ba hisob naravand ham, baroi qadi zeboyu balan- dashon va baroi jiloi rangbarangu hameshasabzashon dar kuchayu khiyobonho va gulgashthoi shahru dekhot, boghoi madani, nazdi makta- bu binohoi mamuri parvarish karda meshavand. Ba in maqsad besh- tar archai virgini, darakhti azimjussai mamont, sarv, sanavbar, sarvinoz (tuyya), sidra (kedr), surkhdor (tis), koj (el) va gayraho mavri- di istifoda qaror dorand. In darakhtoni nombarshuda natanho havoro az oksigen boy megardonand, inchunin ba husni khiyobonho husn zam mekunand.

Bargi aksariyati suzanbargon tamomi sol sabz ast. Zero bargi onho yaku yakbora naaftoda, balki tadrijan, bo navbat meaftand va ba joi barghoi aftida barghoi nav mesabzand. Bar zammi in, bargi rastanihoi suzanbarg vobasta ba namudhoyashon har khel umr mebi- nad, yane az du sol sar karda, dar baze namudho to 4-6 sol. Vobasta ba sinnu solashon barghoi onho bo navbat meaftand va guyo onho hamesha sabzand.

1. Rastanihoi luchtukhm bo kadom alomathoi asosiashon az ushnaho, chilbandho, sarakhsho farq mekunand?
2. Kadom rastanihoi luchtukhmro medoned? Onhoro nombar kuned.
3. Dar Tojikiston kadom rastanihoi luchtukhm nashunamo mekunand?
4. Balandii tanai rastanihoi luchtukhm to chand metr meshavad?